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pharm > over the counter drugs > Flashcards

over the counter drugs Flashcards

1
Q

over the counter drugs

A

nonprescription drugs used for short term treatment of common minor illnesses.

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2
Q

how many OTC drugs are available

A

300,000

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3
Q

OTC drugs are regulated by

A

health canada’s food and drug regulations

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4
Q

how many canadians use OTC drugs

A

80%

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5
Q

plain language labelling requires

A

purpose and uses, storage info, dose instructions, inactive ingredients, warnings and adverse effects, when not to use, when to contact doctor, DIN and exp date

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6
Q

process of reclassification

A

submit a switch application to NDSAC

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7
Q

process of reclassification requires review of

A

clinical trial results and safety data submitted to health canada

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8
Q

ex of some reclassified OTC drugs: analgesics

A

acetaminophen, codeine 8 mg, caffeine (tylenol NO1), ibuprofen, naproxen sodium

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9
Q

ex of reclassified OTC drugs: histamine blockers

A

cetrizine (reactine), diphenhydramine hcl (benadryl), famotidine (pepsid)

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10
Q

ex of reclassified smoking deterrents

A

nicotine gum (Nicorette), nicotine transdermal patch (Nicoderm)

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11
Q

ex of reclassified topical meds

A

clotrimazole (canesten), miconazole nitrate (micazole), minoxidil (minox)

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12
Q

advantages of OTCs

A
  • convenience
  • decreased health care costs when drug is paid out of pocket
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13
Q

disadvantages of OTCs

A
  • can postpone treatment of serious disorders
  • may delay treatment of serious disorders
  • can relieve symptoms but not the cause
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14
Q

potential hazards of OTCs

A

toxicity, interactions with prescription meds, misuse

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15
Q

what is the daily max of acetaminophen

A

4000 mg. too much can cause hepatic toxicity

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16
Q

use of natural health products

A
  • boost the immune system
  • therapeutic agents for treatment and prevention of disease
  • adjunct therapy to support conventional pharmaceutical therapies
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17
Q

dietary supplements

A

vitamin and mineral supplements

18
Q

herbs

A

teas, oils, ointments, dried extract

19
Q

homeopathy

A

microdose of substance thought to cause disease.

20
Q

other examples of natural health products

A

traditional chinese, ayurvedic, other traditional medicines, probiotics, amino acids and essential fatty acids

21
Q

natural health products are regulated by

A

natural and non-prescription health products directorate. NNHPD

22
Q

what percent of Canadians regularly take vitamins, minerals, herbal products and homeopathic meds

A

71%

23
Q

NCCAM stands for

A

national center for complementary and alternative medicine

24
Q

commonly used herbal products

A

aloe, feverfew, ginko biloba, goldenseal, st johns wort, valerian, chamomile, echinacea, garilic, ginseng, hawthorn, ginger

25
Q

conditions treated with herbal products

A

anxiety, cold and cough, depression, headache, insomnia, ulcers, PMS, arthritis, constipation, fever, infection, stress, intestinal disorders

26
Q

interactions with chamomile

A

increased potential for bleeding with anticoagulants

27
Q

interactions with cranberry

A

decreased elimination of many drugs excreted by the kidneys

28
Q

interactions with echinecea

A

interference or counteraction to immunosuppressant drugs and antivirals

29
Q

interactions with evening primrose

A

antipsychotic drugs

30
Q

interactions with garlic

A

interference with hypoglycemic drugs and warfarin sodium

31
Q

interactions ginkgo biloba

A

increase bleeding with anticoagulants and antiplatelets

32
Q

interactions ginger root

A

at high doses possible interference with cardiac, antidiabetic, or anticoagulants

33
Q

interactions with grapefruit (decreased metabolism)

A

decreases the metabolism of drugs used for erectile dysfunction, estrogens and some psychotherapeutic drugs

34
Q

interactions with grapefruit (increased actions)

A

increases the risk of toxicity of immunosuppressants, statins and some psychotherapeutic drugs. increases intensity and duration of caffeine

35
Q

interactions with hawthorn

A

can lead to toxic levels of cardiac glycosides

36
Q

interactions with kava

A

increased effects of barbiturates and alcohol

37
Q

interactions with saw palmetto

A

may change the effects of hormones in oral contraceptive drug patches or hormonal replacement therapies

38
Q

interactions with st johns wort

A

can lead to serotonin syndrome if used with other serotonergic drugs, strong CYP 3A4 inducer resulting in decreased concentration of many drugs

39
Q

interactions with valerian

A

increased CNS depression if used with sedatives

40
Q

nursing implications: assessment

A
  • assess med history: all meds used including OTC, prescription, natural health
  • assess levels of education
  • assess info specific to products
  • system functioning
  • interactions
41
Q

T or F manufacturers of herbal products are not required to prove saftey and effectiveness

A

true

42
Q
A

pharm (21 decks)

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