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pharm > antitussives, antihistamines, decongestants, expect. > Flashcards

antitussives, antihistamines, decongestants, expect. Flashcards

1
Q

common cold is caused by

A

viral infection invading mucosa of upper resp tract.

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2
Q

what does excess mucous in a cold cause

A

fluid dripping down into pharynx and lower resp tract causing sore throat, coughing, upset stomach.

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3
Q

mucosal irritation causes release of

A

inflammatory and vasoactive substances, dilating small blood vessels= nasal congestion

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4
Q

trreatment of common cold is___

A

empirical. treats the most likely cause. only treats symptoms, doesnt eliminate pathogen

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5
Q

cold treatment in peds

A

kids <6 shouldnt be given OTC cold products. not effective. overdoses can occur

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6
Q

antihistamine MOA

A

compete with histamines for specific receptor sites. AKA histamine agonist. prevent the further release of histamines

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7
Q

H1 blockers AKA

A

antihistamines

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8
Q

antihistamines compete with histamine where

A

smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels and bronchioles

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9
Q

antihistamines effect on lacrimal, salivary and respiratory mucous glands

A

anticholinergic- drying

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10
Q

what are histamines

A

inflammatory mediator in allergic disorders

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11
Q

loratadine (claritin, allertin) MOA

A

nonsedative antihistamine (doesnt distribute in CNS). used once daily. relieves effects of hay fever and chronic urticaria (chronic hives)

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12
Q

loratadine adverse effects

A

at high doses= drowsiness, headache, fatigue

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13
Q

loratadine contraindications

A

drug allergy

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14
Q

diphenhydramine (benedryl) MOA

A

works peripherally and centrally. has anticholinergic and sedative effects.

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15
Q

diphenhydramine adverse effects

A

drowsiness, drying

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16
Q

use diphenhydramine in caution with

A

older adults. fall risk

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17
Q

diphenhydramine contraindications

A

preggos, hypersensitivity, newborns, pt with lower resp tract symptoms.

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18
Q

diphenhydramine routes

A

PO IM IV TOPICAL

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19
Q

symptoms of common cold

A

runny nose and sneezing

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20
Q

antihistaminic and anticholinergic sedative properties also useful for

A

vertigo, insomnia, motion sickness and cough

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21
Q

antihistamines most effective when given

A

early in histamine-mediated reactions

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22
Q

antihistamines should not be used

A

in acute asthma attacks

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23
Q

antihistamine other contraindications

A

narrow angle glaucoma, heart disease, hypertension, COPD, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, BPH, pregnancy

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24
Q

fexofenadine (allegra) should not be used

A

children under 6

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25
Q

desloratadine (aerius) is not recommended in ___

A

not recommended in children

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26
Q

loratadine (claratin) not recommened in

A

children under 2

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26
Q

antihistamine adverse effects

A

drowsy, dry, vision changes,

27
Q

antihistamine drug interactions

A

ketaconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin increase concentrations of loratadine and fexofenadine

28
Q

antihistamine other interactions

A

alc, CNS depressants, MAO increase depressive effects of reactine and benedryl

29
Q

nasal congestion

A

excessive nasal secretions, inflamed mucosa, caused by allergies and common cold

30
Q

three groups of decongestants

A

adrenergic, anticholinergic, corticosteroids

31
Q

adrenergic decongestant MOAs

A

constrict arterioles due to URI. reduces swelling and allows secretions to drain.

32
Q

another name for adrenergic decongestants

A

sympathomimetics

33
Q

examples of adrenergic decongestants

A

pseudophedrine (sudafed) PO
oxymetazoline HCl (Dristan) nasal

34
Q

oxymetazoline hcl (dristan) can cause….

A

rebound congestion from rapid absorption and a decline in therapeutic effects

35
Q

contraindications of adrenergic decongestants

A

glaucoma, cardio vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, prostatitis, inability to close eyes, TIA (mini stroke), asthma

36
Q

adrenergic adverse effects

A

nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, tremor

37
Q

anticholinergic decongestant MOA

A

inhibit secretions of serous and serous mucous membranes of nasal passages.

38
Q

anticholinergic AKA

A

parasympatholytics. inhibit actions of parasymp.

39
Q

anticholinergic examples

A

Ipratropium bromide (atrovent) nasal spray.

40
Q

anticholinergic adverse effects

A

excessive dryness and nose bleeds.

41
Q

MAOIS have an ____ effect when given with anticholinergics

A

additive effect (causes hypertension)

42
Q

corticosteroid decongestants MOA

A

target inflammatory response and turn off response to histamine

43
Q

corticosteroid examples

A

-fluticasone propionate (Flonase) nasal spray
- Beclometasone dipropionate (rivanase) nasal spray
-Budenside (pulmicort, pulmicort turbonhaler, symbicort turbohaler)

44
Q

adverse effects of corticosteroids

A

localized dryness, nose bleeds, mucosal thinning.

45
Q

antitussives MOA

A

inhibit cough reflex

46
Q

reasons for using antitussives

A

prevent harm post surgery (ex abd incision)
reduce resp distress in dry cough situations.

47
Q

two types of antitussives

A

opioid and non opioid

48
Q

ex of opioid antitussives

A

codeine phosphate

49
Q

codeine phosphate MOA

A

suppress cough by acting on CNS cough centre, have analgesic effect and drying effect on resp mucosa.

50
Q

codeine phos. contraindications

A
  • opioid dependancy, resp distress
  • alcohol use, CNS depression, anoxia, hypercapnia, COPD, resp depression, increased intercranial pressure, impaired kidney and liver function.
51
Q

codeine phosphate adverse effects

A

sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, constipation

52
Q

codeine phos interactions

A
  • increase strength of other opioids
  • anesthetics, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, MAOIs, alcohol
53
Q

nonopioid antitussive example

A

dextromethrophan hydrobromide

54
Q

dextromethrophan hydrobromide MOA

A

supress cough reflex, dry mucosa, NO ANALGESIA

55
Q

contraindications of dextromethrophan

A

hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, hypertension, glaucoma, MAOIs

56
Q

dextromethrophan adverse effects

A

drowsy, dizzy, nausea

57
Q

dextromethrophan interactions

A

may potentiate MAOis

58
Q

expectorants are used for

A

relief of a productive cough

59
Q

expectorants are contraindicated if..

A

allergic and in case of hyperkalemia

60
Q

adverse effects of expectorants

A

nausea, vomiting, gastric irritation

61
Q

dont use opioid antitussives in

A

kids <12

62
Q

expectorants should be used with cation in

A

older adults and pts with asthma

63
Q

expectorants should be used with

A

increased water intake

64
Q

echinacea MOA

A

reduce cold symptoms if taken early and can reduce recovery time by stim immune system.

65
Q

goldenseal MOA

A

treats colds with antifungal, antibacterial, antiprotozoal activity.

pharm (21 decks)

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