Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharm > antitussives, antihistamines, decongestants, expect. > Flashcards

antitussives, antihistamines, decongestants, expect. Flashcards

1
Q

common cold is caused by

A

viral infection invading mucosa of upper resp tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does excess mucous in a cold cause

A

fluid dripping down into pharynx and lower resp tract causing sore throat, coughing, upset stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucosal irritation causes release of

A

inflammatory and vasoactive substances, dilating small blood vessels= nasal congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trreatment of common cold is___

A

empirical. treats the most likely cause. only treats symptoms, doesnt eliminate pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cold treatment in peds

A

kids <6 shouldnt be given OTC cold products. not effective. overdoses can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antihistamine MOA

A

compete with histamines for specific receptor sites. AKA histamine agonist. prevent the further release of histamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H1 blockers AKA

A

antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antihistamines compete with histamine where

A

smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels and bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antihistamines effect on lacrimal, salivary and respiratory mucous glands

A

anticholinergic- drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are histamines

A

inflammatory mediator in allergic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loratadine (claritin, allertin) MOA

A

nonsedative antihistamine (doesnt distribute in CNS). used once daily. relieves effects of hay fever and chronic urticaria (chronic hives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

loratadine adverse effects

A

at high doses= drowsiness, headache, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

loratadine contraindications

A

drug allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diphenhydramine (benedryl) MOA

A

works peripherally and centrally. has anticholinergic and sedative effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diphenhydramine adverse effects

A

drowsiness, drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

use diphenhydramine in caution with

A

older adults. fall risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diphenhydramine contraindications

A

preggos, hypersensitivity, newborns, pt with lower resp tract symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diphenhydramine routes

A

PO IM IV TOPICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of common cold

A

runny nose and sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antihistaminic and anticholinergic sedative properties also useful for

A

vertigo, insomnia, motion sickness and cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

antihistamines most effective when given

A

early in histamine-mediated reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

antihistamines should not be used

A

in acute asthma attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antihistamine other contraindications

A

narrow angle glaucoma, heart disease, hypertension, COPD, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, BPH, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fexofenadine (allegra) should not be used

A

children under 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
desloratadine (aerius) is not recommended in ___
not recommended in children
26
loratadine (claratin) not recommened in
children under 2
26
antihistamine adverse effects
drowsy, dry, vision changes,
27
antihistamine drug interactions
ketaconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin increase concentrations of loratadine and fexofenadine
28
antihistamine other interactions
alc, CNS depressants, MAO increase depressive effects of reactine and benedryl
29
nasal congestion
excessive nasal secretions, inflamed mucosa, caused by allergies and common cold
30
three groups of decongestants
adrenergic, anticholinergic, corticosteroids
31
adrenergic decongestant MOAs
constrict arterioles due to URI. reduces swelling and allows secretions to drain.
32
another name for adrenergic decongestants
sympathomimetics
33
examples of adrenergic decongestants
pseudophedrine (sudafed) PO oxymetazoline HCl (Dristan) nasal
34
oxymetazoline hcl (dristan) can cause....
rebound congestion from rapid absorption and a decline in therapeutic effects
35
contraindications of adrenergic decongestants
glaucoma, cardio vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, prostatitis, inability to close eyes, TIA (mini stroke), asthma
36
adrenergic adverse effects
nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, tremor
37
anticholinergic decongestant MOA
inhibit secretions of serous and serous mucous membranes of nasal passages.
38
anticholinergic AKA
parasympatholytics. inhibit actions of parasymp.
39
anticholinergic examples
Ipratropium bromide (atrovent) nasal spray.
40
anticholinergic adverse effects
excessive dryness and nose bleeds.
41
MAOIS have an ____ effect when given with anticholinergics
additive effect (causes hypertension)
42
corticosteroid decongestants MOA
target inflammatory response and turn off response to histamine
43
corticosteroid examples
-fluticasone propionate (Flonase) nasal spray - Beclometasone dipropionate (rivanase) nasal spray -Budenside (pulmicort, pulmicort turbonhaler, symbicort turbohaler)
44
adverse effects of corticosteroids
localized dryness, nose bleeds, mucosal thinning.
45
antitussives MOA
inhibit cough reflex
46
reasons for using antitussives
prevent harm post surgery (ex abd incision) reduce resp distress in dry cough situations.
47
two types of antitussives
opioid and non opioid
48
ex of opioid antitussives
codeine phosphate
49
codeine phosphate MOA
suppress cough by acting on CNS cough centre, have analgesic effect and drying effect on resp mucosa.
50
codeine phos. contraindications
- opioid dependancy, resp distress - alcohol use, CNS depression, anoxia, hypercapnia, COPD, resp depression, increased intercranial pressure, impaired kidney and liver function.
51
codeine phosphate adverse effects
sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, constipation
52
codeine phos interactions
- increase strength of other opioids - anesthetics, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, MAOIs, alcohol
53
nonopioid antitussive example
dextromethrophan hydrobromide
54
dextromethrophan hydrobromide MOA
supress cough reflex, dry mucosa, NO ANALGESIA
55
contraindications of dextromethrophan
hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, hypertension, glaucoma, MAOIs
56
dextromethrophan adverse effects
drowsy, dizzy, nausea
57
dextromethrophan interactions
may potentiate MAOis
58
expectorants are used for
relief of a productive cough
59
expectorants are contraindicated if..
allergic and in case of hyperkalemia
60
adverse effects of expectorants
nausea, vomiting, gastric irritation
61
dont use opioid antitussives in
kids <12
62
expectorants should be used with cation in
older adults and pts with asthma
63
expectorants should be used with
increased water intake
64
echinacea MOA
reduce cold symptoms if taken early and can reduce recovery time by stim immune system.
65
goldenseal MOA
treats colds with antifungal, antibacterial, antiprotozoal activity.

pharm (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions