pharm antidiarrheal and laxatives

Question 1

diarrhea

Answer 1

3 or more loose stools a day. passage of stool with increased fluidity.

Question 2

acute diarrhea

Answer 2

3 days -2 weeks. sudden onset

Question 3

chronic diarrhea

Answer 3

more than 3-4 weeks
associated with weight loss, vomit, diarrhea

Question 4

antidiarrheal: adsorbents

Answer 4

coat walls of GI tract binds to surface of contaminant
ex- bisbuth subsalicylate

Question 5

antimotility drug types (2)

Answer 5

anticholinergics and opiates

Question 6

anticholinergics

Answer 6

decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis, slow movement of fecal matter, dying effect

Question 7

opiates

Answer 7

decrease bowle motility and abdominal pains by reducing rectal spasms. increase transit time in bowel

Question 8

opiates examples

Answer 8

codine phosphate, loperamide hydrochloride, diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulphate

Question 9

probiotics

Answer 9

intestinal flora modifiers and bacterial replacement drugs. supplies missing gut bacteria and suppress diarrhea causing bacteria.
ex- lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 10

adsorbents are used for

Answer 10

milder cases

Question 11

anticholinergics and opiates are used for

Answer 11

more severe cases

Question 12

probiotics are used for

Answer 12

antibiotic-induced diarrhea

Question 13

adsorbents adverse effects

Answer 13

increased bleeding, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums, black tongue

Question 14

anticholinergics adverse effects

Answer 14

drying , urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety blurred vision, hypotension

Question 15

opiates adverse effects

Answer 15

drowsy, dizziness lethargy, nausea, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing

Question 16

adsorbents decrease the absorption of many drugs including _____

Answer 16

digoxin, quindine sulphate, hypoglycemic drugs

Question 17

adsorbents and anticoagulants

Answer 17

increased bleeding time and bruising

Question 18

toxic effects of methotrexate are more likely when given with

Answer 18

adsorbents

Question 19

risk of Reyes syndrome if bismuth subsalicyate is given to kids with….

Answer 19

chicken pox or influenza

Question 20

use adsorbents carefully in older adults with….

Answer 20

decreased bleeding time, clotting disorders, recent bowel surgery

Question 21

dont administer anticholinergics to people with

Answer 21

narrow eyed glaucoma, GI obstruction, myasthenia gravis, toxic megacolon

Question 22

do you have to measure fluid intake and output druing treatment

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

constipation

Answer 23

infrequent or difficulty passing stool

Question 24

is constipation a disease

Answer 24

no its a symptom

Question 25

causes of constipation

Answer 25

not enough fiber or water, increased dairy products, inactivity, diabetes

Question 26

nonsurgical treatments for constipation

Answer 26

dietary, increased physical activity, drugs

Question 27

bulk-forming laxatives MOA

Answer 27

high fiber, increase water to increase bulk, distends bowel

Question 28

example of bulk-forming laxatives

Answer 28

psyllium (metamucil)

Question 29

emollient 2 types and MOA

Answer 29

stool softener and lubricant, increased water and fat in stool

Question 30

emollient example (stool soft and lub)

Answer 30

stool softener- docusate salts (Colace) lubricants- mineral oil

Question 31

hyperosmotic MOA

Answer 31

increase fecal water content, increased peristalsis

Question 32

hyperosmotic examples

Answer 32

polyethylene glycol, glycerin, lactulose (reduced serum ammonia levels).

Question 33

polyethylene glycol is used...

Answer 33

to replace Metamucil before bowel surgery

Question 34

saline MOA

Answer 34

increase osmotic pressure in intestinal tract, causes more water to enter intestines, bowel distension

Question 35

saline examples

Answer 35

magnesium hydrochloride (milk of magnesia) and magnesium citrate

Question 36

stimulants MOA

Answer 36

increased peristalsis vai intestinal nerve stimulation

Question 37

examples of stimulants

Answer 37

senna (sennakot) and bisacodyl (dulcolx)

Question 38

peripherally acting opioid antagonists

Answer 38

treat constipation related to opioid use. blocks entrance of opioid into bowel

Question 39

bulk-forming laxative use

Answer 39

acute and chronic constipation, ibs diverticulosis

Question 40

emollient laxative use

Answer 40

acute and chronic constipation, fecal impaction, facilitation of bowel movement

Question 41

hyperosmotic laxative use

Answer 41

chronic constipation, surgical procedures

Question 42

saline laxative use

Answer 42

surgical procedures, constipation

Question 43

stimulant laxative use

Answer 43

acute constipation, surgical procedures

Question 44

which 2 types can cause dehydration in elderly

Answer 44

hyperosmotic and saline

Question 45

adverse effects of bulk forming

Answer 45

impaction, fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, gas, allergic reaction

Question 46

adverse effects of emollient

Answer 46

skin rashes, decrease absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalance, lipid pneumonia

Question 47

adverse effects of hyperosmotic

Answer 47

bloating, electrolyte imbalance, rectal irritation

Question 48

adverse effects of saline

Answer 48

magnesium toxicity, cramping, electrolyte imbalance, cramping, thirst

Question 49

adverse effects of stimulants

Answer 49

nutrition malabsorption , skin rashes, gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, discolored urine, rectal irritation

Question 50

common adverse effects of all laxatives

Answer 50

electrolyte imbalance

Question 51

what do you assess before initiating therapy

Answer 51

fluid and electrolytes

Question 52

inform pts to not take laxatives if they have...

Answer 52

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

Question 53

should laxatives be crushed

Answer 53

no never crush laxatives, especially if its enteric coated

Question 54

long term laxative use result

Answer 54

decreased bowel tone

Question 55

pts should take all laxatives with how much water

Answer 55

180-240ml

Question 56

pts should take bulk-forming laxatives with how much water

Answer 56

240ml

Question 57

how should you take bisacodyl

Answer 57

with water on an empty stomach

Question 58

irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 58

chronic intestinal discomfort, cramps, diarrhea, constipation

Question 59

how do ppl cope with ibs

Answer 59

avoiding bad foods, taking over the counter drugs