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pharm > pharm antidiarrheal and laxatives > Flashcards

pharm antidiarrheal and laxatives Flashcards

1
Q

diarrhea

A

3 or more loose stools a day. passage of stool with increased fluidity.

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2
Q

acute diarrhea

A

3 days -2 weeks. sudden onset

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3
Q

chronic diarrhea

A

more than 3-4 weeks
associated with weight loss, vomit, diarrhea

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4
Q

antidiarrheal: adsorbents

A

coat walls of GI tract binds to surface of contaminant
ex- bisbuth subsalicylate

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5
Q

antimotility drug types (2)

A

anticholinergics and opiates

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6
Q

anticholinergics

A

decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis, slow movement of fecal matter, dying effect

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7
Q

opiates

A

decrease bowle motility and abdominal pains by reducing rectal spasms. increase transit time in bowel

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8
Q

opiates examples

A

codine phosphate, loperamide hydrochloride, diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulphate

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9
Q

probiotics

A

intestinal flora modifiers and bacterial replacement drugs. supplies missing gut bacteria and suppress diarrhea causing bacteria.
ex- lactobacillus acidophilus

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10
Q

adsorbents are used for

A

milder cases

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11
Q

anticholinergics and opiates are used for

A

more severe cases

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12
Q

probiotics are used for

A

antibiotic-induced diarrhea

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13
Q

adsorbents adverse effects

A

increased bleeding, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums, black tongue

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14
Q

anticholinergics adverse effects

A

drying , urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety blurred vision, hypotension

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15
Q

opiates adverse effects

A

drowsy, dizziness lethargy, nausea, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing

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16
Q

adsorbents decrease the absorption of many drugs including _____

A

digoxin, quindine sulphate, hypoglycemic drugs

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17
Q

adsorbents and anticoagulants

A

increased bleeding time and bruising

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18
Q

toxic effects of methotrexate are more likely when given with

A

adsorbents

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19
Q

risk of Reyes syndrome if bismuth subsalicyate is given to kids with….

A

chicken pox or influenza

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20
Q

use adsorbents carefully in older adults with….

A

decreased bleeding time, clotting disorders, recent bowel surgery

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21
Q

dont administer anticholinergics to people with

A

narrow eyed glaucoma, GI obstruction, myasthenia gravis, toxic megacolon

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22
Q

do you have to measure fluid intake and output druing treatment

A

yes

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23
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or difficulty passing stool

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24
Q

is constipation a disease

A

no its a symptom

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25
Q

causes of constipation

A

not enough fiber or water, increased dairy products, inactivity, diabetes

26
Q

nonsurgical treatments for constipation

A

dietary, increased physical activity, drugs

27
Q

bulk-forming laxatives MOA

A

high fiber, increase water to increase bulk, distends bowel

28
Q

example of bulk-forming laxatives

A

psyllium (metamucil)

29
Q

emollient 2 types and MOA

A

stool softener and lubricant, increased water and fat in stool

30
Q

emollient example (stool soft and lub)

A

stool softener- docusate salts (Colace)
lubricants- mineral oil

31
Q

hyperosmotic MOA

A

increase fecal water content, increased peristalsis

32
Q

hyperosmotic examples

A

polyethylene glycol, glycerin, lactulose (reduced serum ammonia levels).

33
Q

polyethylene glycol is used…

A

to replace Metamucil before bowel surgery

34
Q

saline MOA

A

increase osmotic pressure in intestinal tract, causes more water to enter intestines, bowel distension

35
Q

saline examples

A

magnesium hydrochloride (milk of magnesia) and magnesium citrate

36
Q

stimulants MOA

A

increased peristalsis vai intestinal nerve stimulation

37
Q

examples of stimulants

A

senna (sennakot) and bisacodyl (dulcolx)

38
Q

peripherally acting opioid antagonists

A

treat constipation related to opioid use. blocks entrance of opioid into bowel

39
Q

bulk-forming laxative use

A

acute and chronic constipation, ibs diverticulosis

40
Q

emollient laxative use

A

acute and chronic constipation, fecal impaction, facilitation of bowel movement

41
Q

hyperosmotic laxative use

A

chronic constipation, surgical procedures

42
Q

saline laxative use

A

surgical procedures, constipation

43
Q

stimulant laxative use

A

acute constipation, surgical procedures

44
Q

which 2 types can cause dehydration in elderly

A

hyperosmotic and saline

45
Q

adverse effects of bulk forming

A

impaction, fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, gas, allergic reaction

46
Q

adverse effects of emollient

A

skin rashes, decrease absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalance, lipid pneumonia

47
Q

adverse effects of hyperosmotic

A

bloating, electrolyte imbalance, rectal irritation

48
Q

adverse effects of saline

A

magnesium toxicity, cramping, electrolyte imbalance, cramping, thirst

49
Q

adverse effects of stimulants

A

nutrition malabsorption , skin rashes, gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, discolored urine, rectal irritation

50
Q

common adverse effects of all laxatives

A

electrolyte imbalance

51
Q

what do you assess before initiating therapy

A

fluid and electrolytes

52
Q

inform pts to not take laxatives if they have…

A

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

53
Q

should laxatives be crushed

A

no never crush laxatives, especially if its enteric coated

54
Q

long term laxative use result

A

decreased bowel tone

55
Q

pts should take all laxatives with how much water

56
Q

pts should take bulk-forming laxatives with how much water

57
Q

how should you take bisacodyl

A

with water on an empty stomach

58
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

chronic intestinal discomfort, cramps, diarrhea, constipation

59
Q

how do ppl cope with ibs

A

avoiding bad foods, taking over the counter drugs

pharm (21 decks)

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