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MET 2 > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the building blocks of thyroid hormone throughout evolution

A

Tyrosine and iodine

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2
Q

What does the iodination of tyrosine produce

A

Mono-iodotyrosine

Di-iodotyrosine

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3
Q

What are the full names for T3 or T4

A 
T3= liothyronine
T4= thyroxine
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4
Q

Do mammals have a follicular thyroid gland or a endostyle

A

Follicular thyroid gland

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5
Q

What protein do humans use to organify iodine

A

Thyroglobulin

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6
Q

Where does digestion of thyroglobulin occur in humaan

A

in the gland itself

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7
Q

What are the roles of thyroid hormones in fish

A

High T4 levels triggers the move from fresh water to salt water

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8
Q

What does T4 cause in lizards

A

Stimulation of metabolism in lizard when external temperature gets to 32 degrees

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9
Q

How much does the thyroid gland weigh in the adult

A

15-20g

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10
Q

What are the dimension of a thyroid lobe

A

2cm thick

4cm long

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11
Q

Which lobe of the thyroid is usually larger

A

right lobe

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12
Q

Which gland has the highest blood supply in the body

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

What is the rate of blood supply to the thyroid

A

4-6ml/min/g

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14
Q

Briefly describe the blood supply to the thyroid

A

Comes from superior thyroid (from the external carotid) and the inferior thyroid (from subclavian)

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15
Q

What is the role of parathyroid hormone

A

Maintaining calcium homeostasis

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16
Q

What do the C cells in the parathyroid produce

A

Carcitonin

17
Q

Why is carcitonin useful clinically

A

Marker of medullary thyroid cancer which arises from C cells

18
Q

Where do the thyroid and associated structure arise from

A

Pharyngeal arches

19
Q

Briefly describe the microanatomy of the thyroid gland

A

Layer of follicular thyroid cells surrouding a lumen that is filled with clear, proteinaceous colloid

20
Q

How do follicular cells change histologically when the thyroid becomes more active

A

Changes from cuboidal to columnar when more active

21
Q

Where does the TSH receptor receive signals from

A

Pituitary gland

22
Q

How many follicular cells are there per lobule? How many arteries supply each one

A

20-40

1 artery

23
Q

What family of receptor in TSH-R receptor?

A

G protein coupled receptor

24
Q

What does TSH stimulate the expression of?

A

NIS, TOP, Tg and generation of H202

25
Q

Effect of TSH on T3: T4 ratio

A

Increases amount of T3 relative to T4

26
Q

Describe iodide uptake into the follicular cell

A

Iodide taken up by NIS
Transferred to the colloid
Oxidised by TPO

27
Q

What % of t4 is iodide by weight

A

65%

MET 2 (32 decks)

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