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MET 2 > Kidney histology > Flashcards

Kidney histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is found in the kidney hilum

A

Renal pelvis and major vessels

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2
Q

What is found in the renal cortex

A

Renal corpuscles

Convuluted tubules

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3
Q

What is found in the renal medulla

A

Medullary pyraminds
Loops of Henle
Collecting duct
Vasa recta

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4
Q

Describe the sequence of branching of the renal artery

A 
Renal artery
Main branch renal artery artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
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5
Q

What supports the bowmans capsule

A

Mesangial cells and extracellular matrixx

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6
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
Mesangium

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7
Q

What are the 3 elements of the glomerular filtration barrier

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium
Basement membrane
Podocyte layer of Bowmans capsule

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8
Q

What is absorbed in the proximal convuluted tubule? In what percentages

A

70-80% of water
100% of amino aicds and glucose
Some bicarbonates

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9
Q

What is secreted in the proximal convuluted tubule

A

Hydrogen ions

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10
Q

Describe the histological appearance of the proximal convuluted tubule

A

Microvilllus brush border
Endocytotic vesicles
Lysosomes

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11
Q

What epithelium is found in descending limb of the loop of henle

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What is the descending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to?

A

Urea and water

Less permeable to Nacl

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13
Q

What is ascending limb of loop of Henle permeable and impermeable to

A

Impermeable to water

Allows some NaCl diffusion

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14
Q

What epithelium is found in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

Simple cuboidal

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15
Q

What is activelly transported out of the ascending limb of henle

A

Na+ (without water)

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16
Q

2 functions of the distal convuluted tubule

A

1) Water balance

2) Electrolyte and acid/ base balance

17
Q

How does distal convuluted tubule help control water balance

A

Tubules reabsorb water in the presence of adh

18
Q

How does distal convuluted tubule help control electrolyte and acid base balance

A

Na+ reabsoption coupled to K+

H+ secretion under control of aldosteronre

19
Q

Describe the histological appearance of the distal convoluted tubule

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Few microvilli or endocytotic vesicles
Basal or lateral interdigitations reflecting ion transport requirements

20
Q

What is the mucula densa

A

Specialised region at vascular pole of nephron- part of juxtaglomerular apparatus

21
Q

Function of the justaglomerular apparatus

A

Regulates blood pressure and volume

22
Q

What cells make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

23
Q

What is the role of the juxtaglomerular cells

A

Afferent arteriole senses decreases in the blood pressure and secretes more renin

24
Q

What does the macula densa detect

A

Decreased sodium content of distal tubule

25
Q

What epithelium is found in the collecting duct

A

Simple cuboidal–> columnar epithelium

26
Q

What epithelium is found in urinary passageways

A

Transitional epithelium

27
Q

What junctions are found in mucosa of urinary pathways

A

Tight junctions

28
Q

Is there a lamina propria in urinary passageway? What about muscularis mucosae

A

Lamina propria but no muscularis mucosae

29
Q

What kind of muscle is found in urinary passageways

A

Smooth

30
Q

What are the layers of the urinary passageways

A
  • Innermost longitudinal (loose spiral)
  • Middle circular (tight circle)
  • Outermost longitudinal (loose spiral) beginning at lower ureter
31
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

Posterolateral wall

32
Q

How is backflow from the bladder prevented

A

Filling closes the lumen

33
Q

What forms the internal sphincter at beginning of urethra

A

Middle circular smooth muscle layer

MET 2 (32 decks)

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