Imaging and endoscopy of the urinary tract

Question 1

What is the wavelength of an x-ray

Answer 1

0.01-10nm

Question 2

The more dense the object the more/less x-rays are absorbed

Answer 2

More

Question 3

What are x-rays mainly used for in urology

Answer 3

Stones

Question 4

Briefly describe the physics behind how ultrasound works

Answer 4

Sound waves enter the body

Reflected at phase boundaries in proportion to density of the phase

Question 5

2 things that can be diagnosed by an ultrasound on the kidney

Answer 5

Renal cyst

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 6

2 things that can be diagnosed by an ultrasound of the bladder

Answer 6

Bladder tumour

Bladder stone

Question 7

Is radiation in CT higher or lower than x-ray

Answer 7

Higher

Question 8

What is positron emission tomography

Answer 8

Radiolabelled glucose given to the patient, lights up in metabolically active tissue

Question 9

What information does dynamic imaging provide that static can’t

Answer 9

Function

Question 10

What is nuclear medicine imaging

Answer 10

Radioactively labelled compound given to patient, gamma rays coming from point of interest are counted giving information about function and obstruction

Question 11

2 types of endoscopy

Answer 11

Natural orifice

Laparoscopy-make a new hole