thyroid

Question 1

what is the definition and pathophysiology of thyroid disease?

Answer 1

• thyroid gland secretes hormones to regulate many metabolic process include growth and energy .
• thyroid gland release and control thyroid hormone that control metabolism
  (T3 triiodothyronine ) ( T4 thyroxine )
• T3 and T4 are supervised by pituitary gland near the brain that releases thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH )

Question 2

what is general term for thyroid disease?

Answer 2

for a medical condition that keeps thyroid from making the right amount of hormones

Question 3

what is meaning of hypothyroidism?

Answer 3

• low T3 and T4 , higher TSH
• called as underactive thyroid when thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body needs

Question 4

what is meaning of hyperthyroidism ?

Answer 4

• high T3 and T4 , low TSH
• called as overactive thyroid happen when thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone

Question 5

what is the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 5

• cold intolerance
• weight gain
• decreased sweat
• brittle nails
• constipation
• slow heart rate
• puffy face

Question 6

what is the symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 6

• weight loss or gain
• increased sweat
• puffy eye
• short and light period
• nail thickening
• nervousness
• heat intolerance
• diarrhea

Question 7

what cause of hypothyroidism?

Answer 7

• hashimoto’s thyroditis ( autoimmune )
• hyperthyroid treatment
  ( radioactive iodine therapy/ surgery to remove thyroid gland )
• iodine deficiency ( common cause )
• congenital defects

Question 8

what is cause of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 8

• graves’ diseases ( autoimmune )
• overactive thyroid glands
• inflammation of thyroid gland ( thyroiditis )
• too much iodine
• noncancerous tumor of pituitary gland

Question 9

what is the risk factor of thyroid disease?

Answer 9

• genetic
• medical condition
• medication that hight iodine ( amiodarone )
• older than 60 ( women )
• had treatment of thyroidectomy

Question 10

how to diagnose thyroid disease?

Answer 10

• blood test
• imaging test
• physical exam

Question 11

what is complication that may occur in hypothyroidism?

Answer 11

• goiter
• heart problem
• peripheral neuropathy
• birth defects
• infertility in woman

Question 12

what is complication that can occur in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 12

-goiter
- heart problem
- brittle bone
- vision problem
- thyrotoxic crisis

Question 13

what is drug classification, example of drug and moa of drug hypothyroidism?

Answer 13

• thyroid hormones
• example
  thyroxine sodium , levothyroxine , liothyronine sodium
• moa : synthetic form of thyroid hormone acts as replacement for natural thyroid hormones

Question 14

what is the side effects of thyroid hormones

Answer 14

• tachycardia
• palpitation
• nervousness
• tremor

Question 15

how to take levothyroxine ?

Answer 15

• take once a day in the morning
• at least 30 minutes bfr breakfast or drink that contain caffeine
• all that can reduce absorption of this drug
• should not be taken 4 hours of medication and supplements like antacid , iron and calcium

Question 16

what is drug classification , examples and moa of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 16

• antithyroid
• example ( carbimazole and prophylthiouracil )
• moa : work by reduce production of thyroid hoemones

Question 17

what is the side effect of antithyroid ?

Answer 17

• skin rashes
• nausea
• git disturbance
• headache
• bitter taste

Question 18

patient warning .

Answer 18

come for full blood count if they develop fever , sore throat and mouth ulcer as can cause low WBC

Question 19

is this hypothyroidism drug safe for pregnancy?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what other treatments can be used for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 20

• block and replace therapy
  ( use persistent hight ATD dose in association with L- thyroxine replacement to avoid hypothyroidism)
• dose titration therapy
  ( gradually lower the thyroid hormone levels in body without adding replacement thyroid hormones )

Question 21

is the hyperthyroidism drug safe for pregnancy?

Answer 21

• propylthiouracil only safe for pregnancy
• carbimazole can risk of birth defects