anxiety and insomnia Flashcards
what is anxiety?
brain disorder that makes ones to feel excessive, uneasiness such as worry or fear that affects one’s life
- at amygdala at one part of brain
when anxiety disorders occur ?
- out of proportion to stressful situations
- when stressful situations has gone or stress in minor
- appears for no apparent reasons when there is no stressor situation
what is pathophysiology of anxiety?
dua to reduce level of serotonin and GABA
what type of anxiety that have ?
- panic disorder ( sudden feeling )
- obsessive compulsive disorder ( uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts)
- social anxiety disorder (fear of being judge )
- generalized anxiety disorder ( excess of worry )
- phobias
- post traumatic stress disorder ( flashback and nightmare )
what is the symptoms of anxiety?
- intense feeling of anxious and fear
- palpitations
- nauseous
- shaking
- sweating
- chest pain
- headache
- fast breathing
- insomnia
what is the risk factor of anxiety?
- drug misuse
- constant stress
- depression
- genetic
- absent parent
- trauma
what is the difference between short acting and long acting BZD ?
short acting
- half life : less than 24 hours
- rapid onset
- shorter duration of time
- take shorter time to excrete
- low risk of prolong sedation
- for acute conditions
- elderly: preferably
long acting
- half life : more than 24 hours
- moderate onset
- longer duration of time
- take longer to excrete
- higher risk of sedation
- for chronic anxiety
- elderly: avoid
what is the complication of anxiety ?
- excess or lose weight
- pain illness
- alcohol and drugs misuse
- family conflict
- depression
- social isolation
what is insomnia?
insomnia is difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep for lang enough to feel refreshed the next morning
what is pathophysiology of insomnia?
due to reduce level of GABA and melatonin
how much everyone needs to sleep?
adult: 7 to 9 hours
children: 9 to 13 hours
toddler and baby : 12 to 17 hours
what is anxiolytic and hypnotic?
anxiolytic : reduce anxiety and give calm
hypnotic: produce drowsiness and facilitate sleep
what drug used in anxiety and insomnia ?
- SSRI ( anxiety)
- beta blocker ( anxiety )
- buspirone ( anxiety )
- Z drugs ( insomnia only )
- benzodiazepines ( both )
when to used drug for anxiety?
SSRI - used as first line treatment for anxiety
beta blockers- used for symptoms of anxiety such as palpitations
(propranolol and atenolol)
what is moa of benzodiazepines?
enhanced effects of GABA an inhibitory neurotransmitter which reduce overactivity in nervous system , so give more relaxed and less anxious
