schizorphernia

Question 1

what is definition of schizophrenia?

Answer 1

brain disorder that affects one’s ability to differentiate reality and imagination.

Question 2

what is pathophysiology of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

abundance of dopamine and serotonin

Question 3

how to diagnose schizophrenia disease?

Answer 3

full psychiatrist assessment. negative symptom usually appears first

Question 4

what is negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (loss of ability)

Answer 4

• lack of motivation
• lose interest in life
• not talking much
• social withdrawal

Question 5

what is positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (addition to reality)

Answer 5

• hallucinations
• delusions
• disorganised thinking

Question 6

risk factors of schizophrenia?

Answer 6

• stress
• genetic
• brain damage
• drugs and alcohol
• difficult childhood

Question 7

complication of schizophrenia?

Answer 7

• depression
• suicidal thoughts
• overweight
• heart disease
• diabetes

Question 8

non pharmacological treatments?

Answer 8

• cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
• art therapy
• social and community support

Question 9

state drugs classification of schizophrenia?

Answer 9

• typical
• atypical

Question 10

what is the example of typical drug?

Answer 10

• haloperidol
• chlorpromazine
• sulpiride
• prochlorperazine

Question 11

what is example of atypical drug ?

Answer 11

• clozapine
• amisulpiride
• olanzapine
• aripiprazole

Question 12

explain typical drug .

Answer 12

more effective towards positive symptoms and moa is blocking dopamine receptors and other receptors

Question 13

explain atypical drug .

Answer 13

effective towards positive and negative symptoms. moa is block dopamine and serotonin receptors

Question 14

side effects of typical drug .

Answer 14

may cause extrapyramidal effects that is excessive muscle movement which is prominent in elderly.
to avoid this s/e : smaller the dose and prefer atypical

Question 15

side effect of atypical drug .

Answer 15

less cause of extrapyramidal effect but cause metabolic abnormalities such as excessive weight gain, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia.

Question 16

other side effect of both drugs.

Answer 16

blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, drowsiness

Question 17

why atypical is as first line treatment?

Answer 17

cause less extrapyramidal effect , has better tolerability and cover positive and negative symptoms

Question 18

when to use clozapine ?

Answer 18

clozapine as last resort , when other antipsychotics failed. those who don’t respond at least 2 antipsychotic. but it can cause low BWC and induced seizures

Question 19

what drug can be used as antiemetic?

Answer 19

• haloperidol
• prochlorperazine

Question 20

when to start and to stop ?

Answer 20

start : once diagnosed, start slow and increase gradually according to respond , only change after 4-6 week if no response
stop : stop slowly and gradually to avoid rebound psychsis .
- difficult to stop cause body get used to it

Question 21

drug interaction .

Answer 21

antipsychotic and sedative drugs can increase sedation

Question 22

example of sedative drugs

Answer 22

• opioids
• morphine
• centamine

Question 23

it’s safe for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers?

Answer 23

preferred atypical drug