schizorphernia Flashcards
what is definition of schizophrenia?
brain disorder that affects one’s ability to differentiate reality and imagination.
what is pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
abundance of dopamine and serotonin
how to diagnose schizophrenia disease?
full psychiatrist assessment. negative symptom usually appears first
what is negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (loss of ability)
- lack of motivation
- lose interest in life
- not talking much
- social withdrawal
what is positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (addition to reality)
- hallucinations
- delusions
- disorganised thinking
risk factors of schizophrenia?
- stress
- genetic
- brain damage
- drugs and alcohol
- difficult childhood
complication of schizophrenia?
- depression
- suicidal thoughts
- overweight
- heart disease
- diabetes
non pharmacological treatments?
- cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- art therapy
- social and community support
state drugs classification of schizophrenia?
- typical
- atypical
what is the example of typical drug?
- haloperidol
- chlorpromazine
- sulpiride
- prochlorperazine
what is example of atypical drug ?
- clozapine
- amisulpiride
- olanzapine
- aripiprazole
explain typical drug .
more effective towards positive symptoms and moa is blocking dopamine receptors and other receptors
explain atypical drug .
effective towards positive and negative symptoms. moa is block dopamine and serotonin receptors
side effects of typical drug .
may cause extrapyramidal effects that is excessive muscle movement which is prominent in elderly.
to avoid this s/e : smaller the dose and prefer atypical
side effect of atypical drug .
less cause of extrapyramidal effect but cause metabolic abnormalities such as excessive weight gain, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia.
other side effect of both drugs.
blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, drowsiness
why atypical is as first line treatment?
cause less extrapyramidal effect , has better tolerability and cover positive and negative symptoms
when to use clozapine ?
clozapine as last resort , when other antipsychotics failed. those who don’t respond at least 2 antipsychotic. but it can cause low BWC and induced seizures
what drug can be used as antiemetic?
- haloperidol
- prochlorperazine
when to start and to stop ?
start : once diagnosed, start slow and increase gradually according to respond , only change after 4-6 week if no response
stop : stop slowly and gradually to avoid rebound psychsis .
- difficult to stop cause body get used to it
drug interaction .
antipsychotic and sedative drugs can increase sedation
example of sedative drugs
- opioids
- morphine
- centamine
it’s safe for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers?
preferred atypical drug
