reproductive steroids Flashcards
what is menstrual cycle ?
monthly series of changes to prepare for possibility of pregnancy
what range of menstrual cycle ?
21 to 35 days , on average is 28 days
what is menstruation?
monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus that happens when no fertilization occur
what phase that menstrual cycle have ?
- follicle phase ( 14 days )
- luteal phase ( later of 14 days )
what is function of FSH ?
FSH stimulate growth of follicle containing the eggs
what oestrogen do in 14-28 days ?
oestrogen increases LH to stimulate release of ovum by one mature follicle and ready to be fertilised
what is endogenous of oestrogen and progesterone?
( produce by follicle )
oestrogen- estradiol , esterone and estriol
( produce by corpus luteum )
progesterone - progesterone
what is function of oestrogen?
- promotes ovulation
- give female characteristics
- bone development
- thin cervical mucus for sperm penetration
what is function of progesterone?
- thicken endometrium wall for impantation
- prevent contraction of endometrium
- promotes more blood vessel in endometrium
what disorder can occur if low or high oestrogen?
low :
- bone weakness
- delaye puberty
- mood swings
high
- acne
- constipation
- loss of sex drive
what disorder can occur if low progesterone?
low :
- abnormal uterine bleeding
- irregular or missed periods
- frequent miscarriages
what is fertile window ?
5 days before ovulation plus day of ovulation and day after ovulation = 7 days
state type of contraceptive methods
- combine pill ( COC )
- progesterone only pill ( POC )
- patch
- ring
- male condoms
- female condoms
- implant
- injection
- diaphragm and caps
- IUD ( non hormonal coil )
- IUS ( hormonal coil )
state contraceptive method
- sterilization
( vasectomy - cuts supply of sperm to semen )
( tubal ligation - cuts off fallopian tubes ) - calendar menthod
( least effective )
( avoid sexual intercourse during fertile period )
explain COC
- hormonal
- effective when used perfectly
- take it daily
- choose to have regular period or skip them
explain POC
- hormonal
- effective if use perfectly
- take it at the same time every day
- periods can become lighter or stop
explain injection
example - Depo-Provera and Proluton
- hormonal
- effective if use perfectly
- period can lighter or stop
explain male condom
example - Durex
- no hormones
- use every time have sex
- protection againts STI
explain contraceptive method of IUS
- interfere ability of sperm to pass through uterine cavity
- interfere with productive process before ovum reach uterine cavity
difference between POP and COC
POP
( synthetic form )
- levonogestrel
- norethisterone
- desogestrel
- drospirenone
- cyproterone
moa : thickening cervical mucus and thinning uterine lining
postpartum : safe
COC
(synthetic form )
- ethinylestradiol
moa : prevent ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching egg
postpartum :
breastfeeding- 6 months post partum
nonbreastfeeding - 3 weeks post partum
contraindication for COC
- 35 years old
- smoker
- BMI over 35
- severe migraine
- uncontrolled BP
- had stroke
contraindication for COC
- 35 years old
- smoker
- BMI over 35
- severe migraine
- uncontrolled BP
- had stroke
example of contraceptive POP and COC
POP
- cerazette
- noriday
COC
- diane
- yaz
- yasmin
- nordette
- loette
- mercilon
- marvelon
- qlaira
when to use COC and POP after emergency contraceptives
POP
- immediately after and additional contraceptives 2 days
COC
- immediately after and additional contraceptive 7 days
what is the side effect of POP and COC
- headache
- nausea
- breast tenderness
- mood swing
what risk of COC ?
- increased risk of stroke and myocardiac infarction
- increased breast cancer but back to normal after 10 years stopping
- reduce ovarian and endometrial cancer
when to use emergency contraceptive
use after unprotected sex or if contraception you have used has failed
type of emergency contraception
postinor - 2
- use within 72 hours ( 3 days )
- one dose as possible
- swallow whole
- take second dose if vomit within 2 hours
ellaone
- use within 120 hours ( 5 days )
- one dose as possible
- swallow whole
- take second dose if vomit within 3 hours
what other medication can be used ?
- dydrogesterone
when endometriosis , amenorrhoea , irregular cycles - norethisterone
when postponement of menstruation and to induce period - clomiphene
for fertility
