reproductive steroids

Question 1

what is menstrual cycle ?

Answer 1

monthly series of changes to prepare for possibility of pregnancy

Question 2

what range of menstrual cycle ?

Answer 2

21 to 35 days , on average is 28 days

Question 3

what is menstruation?

Answer 3

monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus that happens when no fertilization occur

Question 4

what phase that menstrual cycle have ?

Answer 4

• follicle phase ( 14 days )
• luteal phase ( later of 14 days )

Question 5

what is function of FSH ?

Answer 5

FSH stimulate growth of follicle containing the eggs

Question 6

what oestrogen do in 14-28 days ?

Answer 6

oestrogen increases LH to stimulate release of ovum by one mature follicle and ready to be fertilised

Question 7

what is endogenous of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 7

( produce by follicle )
oestrogen- estradiol , esterone and estriol
( produce by corpus luteum )
progesterone - progesterone

Question 8

what is function of oestrogen?

Answer 8

• promotes ovulation
• give female characteristics
• bone development
• thin cervical mucus for sperm penetration

Question 9

what is function of progesterone?

Answer 9

• thicken endometrium wall for impantation
• prevent contraction of endometrium
• promotes more blood vessel in endometrium

Question 10

what disorder can occur if low or high oestrogen?

Answer 10

low :
- bone weakness
- delaye puberty
- mood swings

high
- acne
- constipation
- loss of sex drive

Question 11

what disorder can occur if low progesterone?

Answer 11

low :
- abnormal uterine bleeding
- irregular or missed periods
- frequent miscarriages

Question 12

what is fertile window ?

Answer 12

5 days before ovulation plus day of ovulation and day after ovulation = 7 days

Question 13

state type of contraceptive methods

Answer 13

• combine pill ( COC )
• progesterone only pill ( POC )
• patch
• ring
• male condoms
• female condoms
• implant
• injection
• diaphragm and caps
• IUD ( non hormonal coil )
• IUS ( hormonal coil )

Question 14

state contraceptive method

Answer 14

• sterilization
  ( vasectomy - cuts supply of sperm to semen )
  ( tubal ligation - cuts off fallopian tubes )
• calendar menthod
  ( least effective )
  ( avoid sexual intercourse during fertile period )

Question 15

explain COC

Answer 15

• hormonal
• effective when used perfectly
• take it daily
• choose to have regular period or skip them

Question 16

explain POC

Answer 16

• hormonal
• effective if use perfectly
• take it at the same time every day
• periods can become lighter or stop

Question 17

explain injection

Answer 17

example - Depo-Provera and Proluton
- hormonal
- effective if use perfectly
- period can lighter or stop

Question 18

explain male condom

Answer 18

example - Durex
- no hormones
- use every time have sex
- protection againts STI

Question 19

explain contraceptive method of IUS

Answer 19

• interfere ability of sperm to pass through uterine cavity
• interfere with productive process before ovum reach uterine cavity

Question 20

difference between POP and COC

Answer 20

POP
( synthetic form )
- levonogestrel
- norethisterone
- desogestrel
- drospirenone
- cyproterone
moa : thickening cervical mucus and thinning uterine lining
postpartum : safe

COC
(synthetic form )
- ethinylestradiol
moa : prevent ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching egg
postpartum :
breastfeeding- 6 months post partum
nonbreastfeeding - 3 weeks post partum

Question 21

contraindication for COC

Answer 21

• 35 years old
• smoker
• BMI over 35
• severe migraine
• uncontrolled BP
• had stroke

Question 22

contraindication for COC

Answer 22

• 35 years old
• smoker
• BMI over 35
• severe migraine
• uncontrolled BP
• had stroke

Question 23

example of contraceptive POP and COC

Answer 23

POP
- cerazette
- noriday

COC
- diane
- yaz
- yasmin
- nordette
- loette
- mercilon
- marvelon
- qlaira

Question 24

when to use COC and POP after emergency contraceptives

Answer 24

POP
- immediately after and additional contraceptives 2 days
COC
- immediately after and additional contraceptive 7 days

Question 25

what is the side effect of POP and COC

Answer 25

• headache
• nausea
• breast tenderness
• mood swing

Question 26

what risk of COC ?

Answer 26

• increased risk of stroke and myocardiac infarction
• increased breast cancer but back to normal after 10 years stopping
• reduce ovarian and endometrial cancer

Question 27

when to use emergency contraceptive

Answer 27

use after unprotected sex or if contraception you have used has failed

Question 28

type of emergency contraception

Answer 28

postinor - 2
- use within 72 hours ( 3 days )
- one dose as possible
- swallow whole
- take second dose if vomit within 2 hours

ellaone
- use within 120 hours ( 5 days )
- one dose as possible
- swallow whole
- take second dose if vomit within 3 hours

Question 29

what other medication can be used ?

Answer 29

• dydrogesterone
  when endometriosis , amenorrhoea , irregular cycles
• norethisterone
  when postponement of menstruation and to induce period
• clomiphene
  for fertility