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autonomic pharmacology > depression > Flashcards

depression Flashcards

1
Q

what is definition of depression?

A

brain disorders characterised by persistent low mood and disinterested in things normally enjoyed that affect one’s life

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2
Q

what is pathophysiology ?

A

reduced level of serotonin and noradrenaline

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3
Q

state the core symptom of depression.

A
  • persistent sadness/ low mood
  • loss of interest / pleasure in activities
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4
Q

state the common symptoms.

A
  • poor concentration
  • feelings of excessive guilt
  • hopelessness
  • thoughts of dying or suicidal
  • feeling tired and low energy
  • changes in appetite
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5
Q

how to diagnose?

A
  • full psychiatric assessment
  • used tools such DSM-5 and ICD-11
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6
Q

what’s common type of depression?

A
  • major depressive disorder
  • persistent depressive disorder
  • bipolar depression
  • postpartum depression
  • premenstrual dysphoric disorder
  • seasonal affective disorder
  • atypical depression
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7
Q

what is the risk factor of depression?

A
  • stressful events
  • lowself personality
  • genetics
  • giving birth (hormonal)
  • loneliness
  • alcohol and drugs misuse
  • chronic illness
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8
Q

what is the complication of depression?

A
  • excess or lose weight
  • pain illness
  • alcohol and drugs misuse
  • family conflict
  • suicide attempts
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9
Q

state non pharmacological treatment.

A
  • cognitive behavioural therapy
  • behavioural therapy
  • interpersonal therapy
  • problem solving therapy
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10
Q

state antidepressants classification.

A
  • atypical
  • SSRI
  • TCA
  • SNRI
  • MAOi
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11
Q

MOA of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A

SSRI block serotonin reuptake transpoerter and make more serotonin available to generate signal to evaluate mood

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12
Q

MOA of monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MOAi)

A

MAOi degrades serotonin and noradrenaline which is inhibit MAO enzymes

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13
Q

MOA of tricyclic antidepressants ( TCA)

A

TCA block serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake transporter and also block muscarinic adrenergic and histamine receptors

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14
Q

MOA of seronotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors ( SNRI )

A

block serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake transporter

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15
Q

examples of SSRI drugs

A
  • fluoxetine
  • citalopram
  • setraline
  • fluvoxamine
  • escitalopram
  • paroxetine
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16
Q

example of MAOi

A

phenelzine

17
Q

example of TCA drugs

A
  • nortriptyline
  • amitriptyline
  • clomipramine
18
Q

example of SNRI drug

A
  • venlafaxine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • duloxetine
19
Q

example of atypical drug

A
  • agomelatine
  • mirtazapine
  • lithium
20
Q

side effects of the antidepressant drug

A
  • decreased alertness
  • headache
  • nausea
  • sexual problems
  • tooth decay
  • diabetes
21
Q

main goal of antidepressants.

A
  • to help people with depression to feel emotionally stable again
  • to help them to follow a normal daily routine
22
Q

other use of TCA .

A
  • neuropathic pain ( nortriptyline and amitriptyline)
23
Q

drug interactions.

A

SNRI and SSRI can cause bleeding risk and impaired platelet aggregation when use with aspirin , warfarin and nsaids

24
Q

why antidepressants take long time to give full effect?

A

this is because inhibition of serotonin reuptake transporter start by decreasing serotonin levels due to activation of serotonin auto receptors that give negative feedback. after a while , drugs then reduce no of serotonin auto receptor and more serotonin available to elevate symptoms

25
Q

cautions when use MAOi with food.

A

avoid take phenelzine with high tyramine food which can cause hypertensive crisis

26
Q

when to start and stop and change?

A

start : low dase and move slow
stop : at least 6 months after symptoms have gone. stop slowly and avoid antidepressants discontinuation syndrome
change : wait at least 4 weeks ( increasing the dose bfr 4 weeks will increase side effects)

27
Q

what is serotonin syndrome?

A

life threatening conditions when serotonin levels increase due to overdose and concurrent use of antidepressants

28
Q

it’s safe for pregnancy?

A

not recommended but paroxetine can be considered in later pregnancy and breastfeeding

autonomic pharmacology (13 decks)

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