Thrombosis and embolism Flashcards
The formation of solid or semisolid mass from the constituents of blood within the heart or vascular system DURING LIFE is called
Thrombosis
the mass is called a thrombus
Thrombosis involes both platelets and coagulation factor
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list the virchow’s triad
Virchow’s triad are the 3 major factors that predispose a person to vascular thrombosis. They are
1.injured endothelium/ altered endothelium
2. alteration in normal blood flow
3. Hypercoagulability
The most important factor in thrombus formation is
endothelial injury
Hemodynamic stress in Hypertension can also cause endothelial injury
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inflammation and noxious stimuli promote thrombosis through shifting the pattern of gene expression of endothelium from ____A____ to ____B___
A anticoagulatory
B procoagulatory
This change is known as endothelial activation or dysfunction
abnormal blood flow,
hypercholesteremia,
homocystinemia
can all cause endothelial activation
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list 2 ways activated endothelial expresses antifibrinolytic activities
production of PAI (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor)
down regulation of expression of t-pa (Plasminogen Activator)
what are the two alterations in blood flow that can cause thrombosis
Turbulence
Stasis
They result in loss of the normal laminar flow of blood allowing platelets to come in contact with endothelium
Turbulence is causes cardiac and arterial thrombosis while stasis causes venous thrombosis
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atherosclerotic plaque causes stasis
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it causes turbulence
Arterial Aneurysm
myocardial infarction
Arrhythmia
Mitral Valve stenosis are ALL causes of stasis
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what is Leiden mutation
mutation of factor V that makes it resistant to inactivation by protein C
Hyperestrogenic states e.g pregnancy
Cardiomyopathy
Sickle Cell
atrial fibrillation
nephrotic syndrome
myocardial infarction
are ALL causes of acquired hypercoagulability state
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