Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Morbid > immunopathology intro > Flashcards

immunopathology intro Flashcards

1
Q

immunity is a specific defense mechanism
T or F

A

T
resistance is non specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are 3 disorder of the immune system
hint; HIA

A

Hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiency
Autoimmune disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction occurs on first contact with an antigen

A

F
the body is already sensitized to the antigen and produces hypersensitivity reaction on second and prior contact with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autologous substrates are destroyed in autoimmune reactions
T or F

A

T
autologous substrate are self antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

B-cell defects leaves the body with reduced resistance to what microorganism

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T-cell defects leaves the body with reduced resistance to what microorganism

A

virus
fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in gammopathy there is an abnormal increase in plasma cell clones synthesis

A

T
there is neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

innate immune response improve with repeated exposure to infection
T or F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

innate immunity is present after infection
T or F

A

F
it is present before infection not mounted in response to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

molecules present on microbes which are necessary for their survival which is recognized by INNATE immune cells to attack microbes are called

A

PAMP or MAMP
pathogen associated molecular patterns
or microbe associated molecular patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PAMPS can be found on mammalian cells
T or F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LPS
peptidoglycan
lipotechoic acid
mannose
flagella
glucans
N-formyl methionine
are all examples of PAMPS
T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

complement pathways
pattern recognition receptors
phagocytosis
inflammation
are all examples of innate immunity
T or F

A

T
the above list is not exhaustive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

both natural killer cells and endothelial cells are part of innate immunity
T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cells of innate immunity have a pattern recognition receptors
T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pattern recognition receptors recognize what type of molecules

A

PAMPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the best defined pattern recognition receptor is

A

toll like receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in innate immunity what kind of complement pathways is activated

A

alternate and lectin pathway

remember classical pathway begins with antigen antibody reaction and Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

natural killer cells are part of both adaptive and innate immune system
T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T lymphocytes account for how many percent of circulating lymphocytes

A

60-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

list 3 places T cells can be found

A

blood
paracortical areas of lymph nodes
periarteriolar sheets of spleen(PALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a T cell receptor is a disulfide linked heterodimer of two polypeptide chain which can be either _____ or ___

A

alpha-beta(95% of T cells use this)
or gamma-delta(5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ab(alpha-beta T cells) do not require APC’s before they can bind to antigen
T or F

A

F
this is a characteristics of Ýđ
ab require MHC molecule on APC’S to bind antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what kind of T receptors are involved in immune surveillance at epithelial surface

A

Y-d TCR
TCR = t cell receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CD4 binds to __a__ MHC molecule
CD8 binds to __b__ MHC molecule

A

a. class 2 mhc
b class 1 mhc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CD4 and CD8 are subsets of what kind of T cells

A

a-b T cell receptors T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T cells can rearrange their TCR genes
T or F

A

T
somatic cells can’t rearrange theirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

all somatic cells have TCR genes from the germ line
T or F

A

T

29
Q

each T cell has a unique TCR AND unique DNA arrangement
T or F

A

T

30
Q

CD4 cells are activated by

A

APC’S and il-1

31
Q

Th1 cells secrete what 2 interleukins

A

il-2 and IFN-y

32
Q

Th2 cells secrete 3 interleukins which are

A

il 4
Il 5
il 13

IL4 & IL 13 help in the synthesis of IgE and IL 5 helps in activation of eosinophils

33
Q

Th1 cell is involved in classical pathway while Th2 cell is involved in alternative pathway
T or F

A

T

34
Q

Th1 cells are involved in delay hypersensitivity
T or F

A

T

35
Q

Th2 helps in IgE secretion
T or F

A

T
Th2 secretes IL-4 which is involved in instruction of plasma cells to switch to IgE formation

36
Q

cytotoxic T cells are activated by two things which are

A

APC’S and contact with virus

37
Q

suppresor T cell are activated by

A

contact with antigen
il-2
they terminate the actions of cytotoxic T cells

38
Q

what part of lymph nodes are T cells and B cells found

A

B cells - superficial cortex
T cells - paracortical areas

39
Q

antibody secreting cells are called

A

Plasma cells
they are the final product of B cell activation

40
Q

list the source of diversity in these cells
T cells -
B cells -

A

TCR genes
immunoglobulin genes

41
Q

what percentage of circulating lymphocytes do these cells occupy
a. T lymphocytes
b. B lymphocytes
c. NK cells

A

a. 60-70%
b. 10-20%
c.10-15%

42
Q

natural killer cells are CD3 positive
T or F

A

F
they are CD3 negative
T lymphocytes are CD3 positive

43
Q

what kind of receptors are expressed on nk cells that allow them lyse igG coated cells

A

Fc receptors for IgG also called CD 16

44
Q

MHC 1 are expressed on surface of all nucleated body cells
T or F

A

T

45
Q

what is the function of inhibiting receptor for mhc1 expressed by NK cells

A

now all nucleated cells of the body express mhc1
if a virus or a neoplastic transformation occur in body cells which alters expression of mhc1 protein in any cell the nk clee via this receptor spots this cell and kills it

46
Q

Macrophages are examples of APC’s
T or F

A

T

47
Q

T cells recognize only membrane bound antigens
T or F

A

T
it’s in the slide

48
Q

Major histocompatibility complex are also called

A

Human leukocyte antigen complex

49
Q

where are the genes that code for MHC’s located on

A

short arm of chromosome 6
within loci A, B, C, D

50
Q

MHC I is coded for by what region on the loci

A

A, B, C

51
Q

mhc class 1 contains what kind of alpha and beta chains

A

polymorphic alpha
non polymorphic Beta

52
Q

mhc 2 contains what kind of alpha and Beta chain

A

polymorphic alpha
polymorphic beta

53
Q

what mhc is altered during viral infection of cells

A

MHC 1

54
Q

MHC II is coded for by what region on the loci

A

D region
D region has 3 sub regions
DP, DQ, DR

55
Q

what kind of cells can the following be found on
1. MHC 1
2. MHC 2

A
  1. all nucleated cells and platelets
  2. APC’S

them no talk the one for mhc 3 for slide

56
Q

what is the function of class 3 mhc

A

they encode for components of the complement system

57
Q

2 different individual will have completely different mhc molecule
except for identical twins
T or F

A

T
mhc are highly polymorphic

58
Q

lwhat mhc allele is associated with the following disease
1. ankylosing spondylitis and other artheropathies -
2. hereditary chromatosis -
3. 21-hydroxylase deficiency(adrenal steroid enzyme) -

A
  1. MHC B-27
  2. MHC A
  3. MHC BW47
59
Q

a low molecular weight substance (e.g peptides and drugs) that can only act as an antigen after binding to a macromolecule is called

A

a Hapten

60
Q

The immune system weighs how much

A

1kg
and consist of about 1 × 10¹² lymphocytes

61
Q

The immune system consist of lymphatic and the reticuloendothelial system
T or F

A

T

62
Q

at what period does the thymus change from an epithelial organ to lymphoid organ

A

2 month of Embryonic development

63
Q

immature lymph cells in the thymus are taken care of by

A

nurse cells

64
Q

immature lymphocytes that have left the bone marrow for thymus are called

A

thymocytes

65
Q

development of B cells takes place where in these animals
1.You (yes you are an animal🤭)
2.Birds

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Bursa of fabricus(located near the cloaca)
66
Q

state the region of lymph nodes where these cells reside
1. T lymphocytes
2. B lymphocytes

A
  1. paracortical areas of lymph nodes with tertiary follicles which is supplied by venules
  2. cortical regions with primary and secondary follicles as well as medulla with the medullary sinus of node
67
Q

state the region of spleen where these cells reside
1. T lymphocytes
2. B lymphocytes

A
  1. Periarteriolar lymph sheets (PALS) that surrounds the ateries of the splenic pulp and branches of trabecular artery
  2. splenic follicles and part of the red pulp
68
Q

list 4 examples of MALT (yes the drink) located in the body

MALT = mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A
  1. Peyers patch in duodenum, solitary follicles and appendix follicles, (gut associated lymphoid tissue)
  2. waldeyers ring in the mouth(the tonsils)
  3. BALT (bronchi associated lymphoid tissue) present in the peribronchial fascial sheets
  4. exocrine glands(salivary and pancreas)
  5. SALT (for cooking) s means skin
69
Q

CD4 is found on about ____% and CD8 on about _____% of mature T cells.

A

60%
30%

Morbid (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions