Disturbance of fluid Flashcards
what percentage of body is water in an adult male
60%
50% in women
with 75% of this volume making up the ICF
how many liters of lymph js present in the body
6-10 litrss
severe and generalized oedema with profound subcutaneous tissue swelling is present in the pathological condition known as
Anasarca
the primary force driving fluid transport between the capillaries and tissue is
Hydrostatic pressure
____ is the force that drives fluid out of capillaries and into the tissues
capillary hydrostatic pressure
blood oncotic pressure is determined by
plasma protein
blood has a higher coloidal concentration and lower water concentration than tissue fluid
T or F
T
the coloidal concentration is due to presence of plasma protein in blood and absence in tissue fluid
how many litres of water is filtered per day and how many is reabsorbed
24 litres filtered
20.4 litres reabsorbed
the remaining fluid not reabsorbed is picked up by the lymphatics
edema fluid is either ____ or ____
exudate(inflammatory and protein rich) or transudate(non-inflammatory and protein poor)
edema fluid due to high hydrostatic pressure is called
transudate
exudate is due to increased vascular permeability(seen in inflammation)
which oedema fluid has a specific gravity >1.020
exudate
transudate has specific gravity <1.012
if effusionprotein/serumprotein level is >0.5 the fluid is an ____
exudate
this criteria and 3 other criterias are known as light’s criteria
if effusion LDH / serum LDH is >0.6
the fluid is ____
an exudate
LDH =lactate dehydrogenase
also if effusion ldh is greater than 2/3 the upper limit of reference serum ldh range
list the 3 primary causes of edema
increased hydrostatic pressure
decreased plasma oncotic pressure
lymphatic obstruction
sodium retention and inflammation are other causes of edema
list 2 primart things that causes increased hydrostatic pressure
arteriolar dilation
impared venous return (due to congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, venous obstruction due to thrombus or compression)
protein losing nephropathy(nephrotic syndrome) and gastroenteropathy, liver cirrhosis, and malnutrition are all causes of reduced oncotic pressure
T or F
T
the type of edema seen in congestive cardiac failure is
transudate
oedema in cirrhosis is due to
decreased production of plasma protein(reduced oncotic pressure)
oedema occurs when serum albumin level falls below ____
25g/L
normal range is 35-55g/L
oedema seen in liver cirrhosis can be due to 3 main causes which are
hypoprotenemia
accumulation of vasodilators (the liver naturally degrades vasodilators)
Portal Hypertension
list two pathological condition in which renal edema is seen
Acute glomerulonephritis(due to increased sodium absorption)
Nephrotic syndrome(due to loss of protein in urea)
in pulmonary edema the lungs are usually 2-3 times their normal weight
T or F
T
in cerebral edema, what are the changes observed in the brain
the brain is swollen
the sulci are narrowed
the gyri is flattened
West nile virus can cause BRAIN edema
T or F
T
by causing encephalitis
