Hyperemia and congestion

Question 1

increase blood volume in tissue due to arteriolar dilation is called

Answer 1

Hyperemia
hyperemia is an active process

Question 2

increase blood volume in tissue due to impaired venous drainage is called

Answer 2

congestion
it is a passive process

Question 3

differentiate between hyperemia and congestion based on the color of the tissue

Answer 3

hyperemia- redder than normal(due to increased oxygenated blood)
congestion - tissue is bluish red(due to accumulation of deoxygenated blood)

Question 4

systemic congestion is mostly caused by

Answer 4

congestive cardiac failure

Question 5

alveolar septal edema,
alveolar capillary congestion,
ruptured capillaries with edema,
are all features of ACUTE congestion of lungs
T or F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Thickened and fibrotic alveolar septa and presence of heart failure cells within alveolar spaces are all features of CHRONIC lung congestion
T or F

Answer 6

T
This features arise in chronic lung congestion because in this state necrosis has set in
heart failure cells are hemosiderin laden macrophages present in lungs usually due to left heart failure

Question 7

not a question

hemorrhage is usually a reaction to acute phases of any pathological instance not the chronic phase

Answer 7

You look better when you smile

Question 8

nutmeg liver appearance is a symptom of

Answer 8

CHRONIC liver congestion
it is due to loss of cells in the central region of the hepatic lobule giving a reddish brown and congestion of the peripheral regions giving a tan colour

Question 9

in acute liver congestion, the periportal hepatocytes that are better oxygenated may develop fatty changes as an adaptation
T or F

Answer 9

T

the zones of the liver are divided into 3 based on their proximity to the central vein and portal triads
nb: oxygenated blood flows from portal triads(artery) to central vein
1. periportal (closest to blood supply)
2. intermediate
3. perivenular

Question 10

in prolonged severe congestive cardiac failure there may be development of hepatic fibrosis
this condition is known as

Answer 10

cardiac cirrhosis
cardiac cirrhosis are hepatic disorders that occur secondary to hepatic congestion due to cardiac dysfunction