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Morbid > Hypersensitivity reaction > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity reaction Flashcards

1
Q

in hypersensitivity reaction the body responds to new antigens in an excessive manner
T or F

A

F
renewed contact with an antigen it already knows

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2
Q

according to gell and coombs classify hypersensitivity reactions

A

anaphylactic
cytotoxic/cytolytic
immune/toxic complex reaction
cell mediated hypersensitivity

or can be called type 1-4
first 3 require antibodies
last one requires T cells and macrophage

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity is the excessive pathogenic reaction of a SENSITIZED body to renewed contact with the SENSITIZING antigen.
T or F

A

T

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4
Q

antigens in type 1 H.R are usually called

A

allergens
examples include
tree grass and weed pollens
cat and other animal antigens
dust mite fecal pellets antigens
mold spores

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5
Q

individuals that inherit genes that make them susceptible to allergens is manifested by their ability to make what kind of responses?

A

strong Th2 responses and subsequent production of igE against allergens

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6
Q

mast cells and basophils are implanted on FcR of IgE in type 1 H.r
T or F

A

F
it is the other way round
igE on FcR of mast and basophils

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7
Q

first implantation of igE on mast cells causes ____

A

priming of mast cells
2nd and subsequent exposure causes cross linking of IgE on surface of mast cells

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8
Q

in type 1 H.R complement system is involved
T or F

A

F

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9
Q

what are the 3 ways allergens might be introduced to the body

A

inhalation
ingestion
injection

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10
Q

what helper cell is involved in type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Th2 cells
because they secrete il4 which attracts igE

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11
Q

example of a chemokine produced locally which attracts eosinophils is

A

eotaxin

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12
Q

what’s the function of il13 secreted by Th2 cells in type 1 H.R

A

stimulation of epithelial cells to produce mucous

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13
Q

mast cells receptors with high affinity for the __a__ portion of igE are called __b__

A

a. Fc
b. FceRI

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14
Q

Basophils which are the circulating counterparts of mast cells have a role in type 1 hypersensitivity
T or F

A

F
their role in H.R 1 is not established

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15
Q

FceRi receptors are expressed in what 3 cells

A

mast cells
basophils
eosinophils

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16
Q

on 1st exposure priming of mast cells occur while on subsequent exposure degranulation occurs
T or F

A

T

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17
Q

list 3 locations where mast cells can be found

A

blood vessels
skin
lungs

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18
Q

list 2 mediators of type 1 H.R

A

histamine - responsible for the wheal and flare as well as edema
serotonin

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19
Q

systemic anaphylaxis is an example of type 1 H.R
T or F

A

T

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20
Q

local anaphylaxis also called __a__ is an example of __b__ H.R

A

a. atopy
b. type 1

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21
Q

Hives is a clinical manifestation of food allergy
T or F

A

T

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22
Q

hay fever(allergic rhinitis) is presented clinically as pulmonary edema and mucous in nasal mucosa
T or F

A

T

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23
Q

wheel and flare allergic reaction can occur due to insect bites
T or F

A

T

24
Q

insect stings and snake venom can cause systemic anaphylaxis
T or F

A

T

25
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia
pernicious anemia
graves disease
ALL these are examples of type 2 hypersensitivity
T or F

A

T

26
Q

Type 2 h.r can be divided into 3
list them

A

1.complement dependent cytotoxicity e.g autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2.antibody dependent cytotoxicity e.g Pernicious anemia
3. anti receptor antibody e.g graves disease where antibody stimulate thyroid gland oversecretion

27
Q

list 4 diseases under complement dependent cytotoxicity

A

transfusion reaction due to blood incompatibility
erythroblastosis fetalis (igG mediated)
attack of glomerular basement membrane type 4 collagen (Goodpasture syndrome)
autoimmune hemolytic anemia

28
Q

in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity there is presence of inflammatory cells such as Nk cells and monocytes and they phagocytize the cell
T or F

A

F
they do not phagocytize the cell
they cause it to lyse

29
Q

NOT A QUESTION
difference between complement mediated and antibody mediated cytotoxicity is that in complement mediated there is activation of complement with subsequent formation of MAC which lyses the cell while in antibody mediated there’s no complement activation and inflammatory cells like nk and monocytes are the ones lysing the cells

A

Joy is coming

30
Q

least 3 example of antibody mediated cytotoxicity

A

Transplant rejection
immune reaction against parasite
immune reaction against neoplasm
pernicious anemia

31
Q

in anti receptor antibody, the complement system is involved
T or F

A

T
they mediate the destruction of the receptors
while antibodies mediate either the inhibition or unregulated activity of the receptor

32
Q

anti receptor antibody type 2 h.r can sometimes be called

A

Type 5 hypersensitivity
seen in myasthenia Gravis where antibody block Nm and prevents stimulation
other reactions where this can be seen include
graves disease
pernicious anemia(they also listed it under antibody mediated cytotoxicity I don’t know why)

33
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by immune complexes which promote tissue damage primarily through complement activation
T or F

A

T

34
Q

in type 3 h.r immune complexes are formed then are deposited in tissue due to inflammation/ disease
T or F

A

T

35
Q

in type 2 h.r serum complement is reduced because it is used up in this process
T or F

A

F
type 3 reaction not type 2

36
Q

type 3 H.R is due to high level of circulating soluble immune complexes containing igG or igM
T or F

A

T
this high amount overwhelm the ability of the mononuclear system to remove them thus depositing in various tissues and activate complement

37
Q

in type 3 h.r the antigen is not an intrinsic component of the target cells
T or F

A

T
it’s in slide

38
Q

chemotactic complement for neutrophils
release of prostaglandins, kinin and free radicals
factor 12 activation
platelet aggregation

All these occur in hypersensitivity type 3 reactions
T or F

A

T

39
Q

in type 3 H.R systemic immune complex diseases, smaller immune complexes are quickly phagocytized by macrophages and removed, but large to intermediate complexes formed with antigen excess may escape removal
T or F

A

F
swap small and large
i.e the small to intermediate ones escape phagocytosis

40
Q

NOT A QUESTION
the immune complexes in type 3 h.r can be systemic or localized

A
41
Q

list 3 example of systemic immune complex disease

A

vasculitis
glomerulonephritis
serum sickness

42
Q

example of local immune complex disease(type 3) is

A

Arthus reaction
usually happens when given tetanus injection with a characteristics vasculitus near/at the site of injection
another example is hypersensitivity pneumonitis(farmers lungs)

43
Q

type 4 H.R is mediated by SENSITIZED Th2 lymphocytes
T or F

A

F
Th1 lymphocytes

44
Q

list 3 disease where type 4 H.R is found in

A

Virus
granuloma
Tumor

45
Q

Cd4+ T cell reaction are specifically called

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity and inflammation

46
Q

Cd8+ T cell reaction are specifically called

A

cell mediated cytotoxicity
for some reason slide called it cytotoxicity no be me

47
Q

in delayed type hypersensitivity there is accumulation of mainly cd4+ T cell but with persistent or non degradable antigens the predominant cell eventually becomes macrophages
T or F

A

T

48
Q

In delayed type hypersensitivity the macrophages are activated and become ____

A

epitheloid cells

49
Q

an aggregation of epitheloid cells surrounded by a collar of lymphocytes are called

A

granulomas

50
Q

contact with urushiol(antigeniccomponent of poison ivy/oak) can cause a delayed hypersensitivity reaction called

A

Contact or vesicular dermatitis

51
Q

list 2 examples of cell mediated cytotoxicity h.r disease

A

diabetes type 1
graft rejection

52
Q

cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete 3 enzymes into cells in cell mediated cytotoxicity h.r
list them

A

perforins
granzyme
serglycin

nb: CTL also express Fas ligands which can bind to death receptors on target cells

53
Q

cd8+ T cells produce IFN-Y
T or F

A

T

54
Q

transplant rejection is also under type 4 h.r reaction
T or F

A

T

55
Q

NOT A QUESTION
Contact dermatitis despite involving allergens is not classified under type 1 h.r but it is under type 4

A
56
Q

Poison ivy (catechols)
Nickel
Formaldehyde
Latex
Chromium
Dyes in clothing and cosmetics
are all examples of contact allergens
T or F

A

T
contact allergens are allergens that can cause contact dermatitis

57
Q

in Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated responses cytokines are not involved
T or F

A

T
it’s in slide
class 1 HLA molecules play a role though

Morbid (9 decks)

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