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2nd U2 Pharm > Thrombosis > Flashcards

Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for unfractionated heparin?

A

Bind antithrombin–potentiating formation of antithrombin-coagulation factor complex (Xa, IIa)

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2
Q

What indirect thrombin inhibitor is used for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism?

A

Unfractionated heparin

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3
Q

What are the major side effects of unfractionated heparin?

A

HIT
Bleeding
Osteoporosis-with long term use

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4
Q

How is dosing of unfractionated heparin monitored?

A

PTT

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5
Q

What is given to reverse the effects of unfractionated heparin?

A

Protamine

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Dalteparin and Enoxaparin?

A

LMWH that inhibits thrombin less effectively than Xa

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7
Q

What class is Dalteparin in?

A

Indirect thrombin inhibitor

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8
Q

Name the 4 indirect thrombin inhibitors…

A

Unfractionated heparin
Dalteparin
Enoxaparin
Fondaparinux

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9
Q

What indirect thrombin inhibitor is the drug of choice in pregnancy and is used to treat and prevent venous thromboembolism?

A

Enoxaparin

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10
Q

How is Dalteparin and enoxaparin monitored?

A

Heparin assay–anti-factor Xa

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11
Q

How are the actions of dalteparin and enoxaparin reversed?

A

Protamine

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12
Q

A synthetic polysaccharide that binds active site of antithrombin-inhibiting Xa?

A

Fondaparinux

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13
Q

What is the use for fondaparinux, an indirect thrombin inhibitor?

A

Given for HIT

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14
Q

Can the actions of fondaparinux be reversed?

A

No

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for warfarin?

A

Blocks vitamin K-dependent gamma carboxylation of factors–2, 7, 9, 10, protein C and S

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16
Q

What is warfarin used for?

A

Long-term anticoagulation

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17
Q

What is the major side effect of warfarin?

A

Thrombosis–beginning of therapy Protein C depression

18
Q

How is warfarin monitored?

A

PT/INR

19
Q

How is the action of warfarin reversed?

A

Vitamin K and factor concentrates

20
Q

What are the 3 direct thrombin inhibitors?

A

Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Dabigatran

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the direct thrombin inhibitors (Bicalirudin, Argatroban, Dabigatran)?

A

Inactivate fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin

22
Q

Which of the 3 direct thrombin inhibitors binds irreversibly?

A

Bivalirudin

23
Q

Which of the 3 direct thrombin inhibitors binds reversibly?

A

Dabigatran – competitive

24
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor used for the treatment/prevention of DVT/PE, Afib?

A

Dabigatran

25
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor used for the treatment/prevention of percutaneous coronary intervention and HIT?

A

Argatroban

26
Q

Direct Thrombin inhibitor used for the treatment/prevention of percutaneous coronary intervention?

A

Bivalirudin

27
Q

How are the direct thrombin inhibitors monitored?

A

PTT

28
Q

What are the 2 Direct Xa inhibitors?

A

Rivaroxaban

Apixaban

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the direct Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban?

A

reversibly bind active site of Xa

30
Q

What are the direct Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban used for?

A

DVT/PE prophylaxis

31
Q

Name the 3 fibrinolytic drugs used to lyse already formed clots by activating plasminogen…

A

Alteplase
Reteplase
Tenecteplase

32
Q

What do the fibrinolytic drugs activate in order to lyse already formed clots?

A

Plasminogen

33
Q

What are the fibrinolytic drugs used for? (alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase)

A

STEMI

Alteplase–also acute stroke and PE

34
Q

An anti platelet drug the irreversibly inhibits platelets by preventing thromboxane A2 formation?

A

Aspirin

35
Q

PDE inhibitors that are anti platelet drugs used to increase platelet cAMP

A

Dipyridamole

Cilostazol

36
Q

Anti platelet drugs that inhibit platelet ADP receptors and prevent/treat ACS, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, angina, stent?

A

Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor

37
Q

How are the anti platelet, inhibitors of platelet ADP receptors, reversed?

A

Platelet transfusion

38
Q

An anti platelet drug that is a monoclonal antibody against GP IIb/IIIA?

A

Abciximab

39
Q

An anti platelet drug that is a fibrinogen analog that competes with endogenous fibrinogen for IIb/IIIa?

A

Eptifibatide

40
Q

An anti platelet drug that is a fibrinogen analog that competes with endogenous fibrinogen and vWF for IIb/IIIa?

A

Tirofiban

2nd U2 Pharm (9 decks)

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