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2nd U2 Pharm > Cholinomimetics > Flashcards

Cholinomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

What class is Bethanechol in?

A

Direct acting carbonic acid ester

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2
Q

Name the drugs that act through the mechanism of direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

A

Bethanechol
Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline

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3
Q

Which cholinomimetics are in the class od direct acting non-ester alkaloid?

A

Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline
Nicotine

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for nicotine?

A

Direct-acting nicotinic cholinomimetic

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5
Q

Which cholinomimetic is used for post-operative and neurogenic ileum; urinary retention?

A

Bethanechol

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6
Q

Which cholinomimetic is used for Glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine–ACh activates sphincter and ciliary muscles of eye

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7
Q

Which cholinomimetic is used to treat dry mouth, such as in Sjogren’s, or with post-radiation therapy?

A

Cevimeline

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8
Q

Which cholinomimetic is used for smoking cessation?

A

Nicotine

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9
Q

What are the side effects seen with all the cholinomimetics, besides nicotine? (Bethanechol, Muscarine, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline)

A

SLUDGE

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10
Q

Name the 2 indirect acting carbamate cholinomimetics…

A

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for neostigmine, an indirect acting carbamate?

A

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for physostigmine, an indirect acting carbamate?

A

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

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13
Q

Name the two indirect acting non-ester cholinomimetics…

A

Donepezil

Edrophonium

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14
Q

What class is Echothiphate, a cholinomimetic, in?

A

Indirect acting organophosphate

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Donepezil and Edrophonium?

A

AChE inhibitors

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Echothiphate?

A

AChE inhibitor (long acting)

17
Q

Which cholinomimetic regenerates phosphorylated AChE and is a strong nucleophile?

A

Pralidoxime

18
Q

Name the 2 very potent indirect acting organophosphate cholinomimetics…

A

Sarin

Parathion

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sarin and Parathion?

A

AChE inhibitors

20
Q

Name the 7 AChE inhibitors…

A 
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Donepezil
Edrophonium
Echothiophate
Sarin
Parathion
21
Q

AChE inhibitor used for post-operative and neurogenic ileum; urinary retention; myasthenia graves; reversal of neuromuscular blockage…

A

Neostigmine

22
Q

What are the two AChE inhibitors used to treat Glaucoma by allowing ACh to activate papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles of the eye?

A

Physostigmine

Echothiophate

23
Q

Cholinomimetic used to treat Alzheimer’s?

A

Donepezil

24
Q

Cholinomimetic AChE inhibitor used to treat Myasthenia gravis?

A

Edrophonium

25
Q

Cholinomimetic used for poisoning by nerve gas and insecticide?

A

Pralidoxime

26
Q

Used as a volatile nerve gas?

A

Sarin

27
Q

Used as an insecticide?

A

Parathion

28
Q

What are the side effects of all the AChE inhibitors?

A

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

29
Q

What two AChE inhibitors have death as one of their side effects?

A

Sarin

Parathion

30
Q

What two AChE inhibitors have a short half life (lasting 0.5-2 hrs)

A

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

31
Q

What AChE inhibitor has a VERY short half life (lasting 5-15 min)

A

Edrophonium

32
Q

Which AChE inhibitor has a LONG half life (lasting > 100 hrs)?

A

Echothiophate

33
Q

How is poisoning by sarin or parathion (AChE inhibitors) treated?

A

Treat with pralidoxime (regenerates phosphorylated AChE) and atropine

2nd U2 Pharm (9 decks)

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