Cholinomimetics

Question 1

What class is Bethanechol in?

Answer 1

Direct acting carbonic acid ester

Question 2

Name the drugs that act through the mechanism of direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

Answer 2

Bethanechol
Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline

Question 3

Which cholinomimetics are in the class od direct acting non-ester alkaloid?

Answer 3

Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline
Nicotine

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action for nicotine?

Answer 4

Direct-acting nicotinic cholinomimetic

Question 5

Which cholinomimetic is used for post-operative and neurogenic ileum; urinary retention?

Answer 5

Bethanechol

Question 6

Which cholinomimetic is used for Glaucoma?

Answer 6

Pilocarpine–ACh activates sphincter and ciliary muscles of eye

Question 7

Which cholinomimetic is used to treat dry mouth, such as in Sjogren’s, or with post-radiation therapy?

Answer 7

Cevimeline

Question 8

Which cholinomimetic is used for smoking cessation?

Answer 8

Nicotine

Question 9

What are the side effects seen with all the cholinomimetics, besides nicotine? (Bethanechol, Muscarine, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline)

Answer 9

SLUDGE

Question 10

Name the 2 indirect acting carbamate cholinomimetics…

Answer 10

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action for neostigmine, an indirect acting carbamate?

Answer 11

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action for physostigmine, an indirect acting carbamate?

Answer 12

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

Question 13

Name the two indirect acting non-ester cholinomimetics…

Answer 13

Donepezil

Edrophonium

Question 14

What class is Echothiphate, a cholinomimetic, in?

Answer 14

Indirect acting organophosphate

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action for Donepezil and Edrophonium?

Answer 15

AChE inhibitors

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action for Echothiphate?

Answer 16

AChE inhibitor (long acting)

Question 17

Which cholinomimetic regenerates phosphorylated AChE and is a strong nucleophile?

Answer 17

Pralidoxime

Question 18

Name the 2 very potent indirect acting organophosphate cholinomimetics…

Answer 18

Sarin

Parathion

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of Sarin and Parathion?

Answer 19

AChE inhibitors

Question 20

Name the 7 AChE inhibitors…

Answer 20

Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Donepezil
Edrophonium
Echothiophate
Sarin
Parathion

Question 21

AChE inhibitor used for post-operative and neurogenic ileum; urinary retention; myasthenia graves; reversal of neuromuscular blockage…

Answer 21

Neostigmine

Question 22

What are the two AChE inhibitors used to treat Glaucoma by allowing ACh to activate papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles of the eye?

Answer 22

Physostigmine

Echothiophate

Question 23

Cholinomimetic used to treat Alzheimer’s?

Answer 23

Donepezil

Question 24

Cholinomimetic AChE inhibitor used to treat Myasthenia gravis?

Answer 24

Edrophonium

Question 25

Cholinomimetic used for poisoning by nerve gas and insecticide?

Answer 25

Pralidoxime

Question 26

Used as a volatile nerve gas?

Answer 26

Sarin

Question 27

Used as an insecticide?

Answer 27

Parathion

Question 28

What are the side effects of all the AChE inhibitors?

Answer 28

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

Question 29

What two AChE inhibitors have death as one of their side effects?

Answer 29

Sarin | Parathion

Question 30

What two AChE inhibitors have a short half life (lasting 0.5-2 hrs)

Answer 30

Neostigmine | Physostigmine

Question 31

What AChE inhibitor has a VERY short half life (lasting 5-15 min)

Answer 31

Edrophonium

Question 32

Which AChE inhibitor has a LONG half life (lasting > 100 hrs)?

Answer 32

Echothiophate

Question 33

How is poisoning by sarin or parathion (AChE inhibitors) treated?

Answer 33

Treat with pralidoxime (regenerates phosphorylated AChE) and atropine