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2nd U2 Pharm > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 quinolone derivatives used for the treatment of acute malarial attacks?

A 
Quinine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine 
Mefloquine
Primaquine
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the quinolone derivatives, except for primaquine?

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for primaquine?

A

Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes

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4
Q

Which of the malarial drugs is the only one that inhibits exoerythrocytic schizogony?

A

Primaquine

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5
Q

What are the side effects of quinine?

A 
Cinchonism
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Abortion
Arrhythmias
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6
Q

What are the side effects of chloroquine?

A

Itching (Africans)

Retinitis (Rare)

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7
Q

What are the side effects of Primaquine?

A

Hemolysis (G6PD)
methemoglobinemia

Fever
N/V

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8
Q

The positive charge of this drug helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles…

A

Amantadine

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9
Q

What drug is given for chloroquine-resistant malaria that creates a positive charge?

A

Amantadine

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10
Q

What are the 2 artemisinin compounds that specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. Falciparum?

A

Artesunate

Artemether

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11
Q

What is the aminoalcohol used in combination with artemether?

A

Lumefantrine

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12
Q

What are the side effects of artesunate?

A

Neurotoxicity

Prolongation of QT interval

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13
Q

What class is atovaquone in?

A

Napthalene

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for atovaquone?

A

Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport

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15
Q

What is used in combination with atovaquone?

A

Proguanil

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16
Q

What class is chloroguanide (proguanil) in?

A

Antifolates

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for chloroguanide (proguanil)?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

18
Q

What are the three antibiotics used with severe malaria and chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria?

A

Tetracycline
Clindamycine
Doxycycline

19
Q

What are the treatment options for severe malaria?

A

IV quinidine gluconate + tetracycline, doxycycline, or clindamycine

or

IV arsenate followed by atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine

20
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated malaria–Chloroquine sensitive strains?

A

Falciparum, Malariae, knowlesi

Chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine

21
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated malaria—Chloroquine sensitive strains

A

Vivax and ovale

Chloroquine phosphate + Primaquine phosphate
OR
Hydroxychloroquine + Primaquine phosphate

22
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated malaria—Chloroquine-resistant strains

A

Falciparum

Atovaquone-proguanil

OR

Artemether-lumefantrine
Quinine sulfate + doxycycline, tetracycline or clindamycin

Mefloquine

23
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated malaria—Chloroquine-resistant strains

A

Vivax

Quinine sulfate + either Doxycycline or Tetracycline + Primaquine phosphate

OR

Atovaquone-proquanil + primaquine phosphate

Mefloquine + Primaquine phosphate

24
Q

ACUTE ATTACKs by Vivax or Ovale treatment

A

Primaquine phosphate

2nd U2 Pharm (9 decks)

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