Throat pathology Flashcards
What are laryngeal polyps?
present in <1% of the population
reactive change in the laryngeal mucosa secondary to vocal abuse, infection and smoking
When are laryngeal nodules seen?
seen in women
bilateral on the middle 1/3rd-> posterior 1/3rd of vocal cords
How are laryngeal polyps seen?
unilateral and pedunculated
What is a contact ulcer?
benign response to injury on the posterior vocal cords
What can cause injury to the posterior vocal cords?
intubation
GORD
voice abuse
chronic throat clearing
What are the 3 types of throat/laryngeal cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Paraganglioma
Squamous Papilloma
When do squamous papillomas occur?
<5years
between 20-40 years
What are squamous papillomas related to?
HPV exposure type 6 and 11
Do squamous papillomas become recurrent?
in children yes
What is a paraganglioma?
clusters of neuroendocrine cells dispered throughout the body
What are the two types of paraganglioma?
Chromaffin positive
Non chromaffin
Describe a chromaffin postive paraganglioma?
sympathetic nervous system can secrete catecholamines
usually the adrenal medulla or paravertebral
Describe a non chromaffin paraganglioma?
found in carotid bodies, aortic bodies, jugulotumpanic ganglia, ganglia nodosum of vagus and clusters around the oral cavity, nose, oropharynx, larynx and orbit
At what age do paragangliomas normally occur?
> 50 years
What genetic disorder can paragangliomas be part of?
MEN 2 - autosomal dominant
