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1. ENT > Anatomy of the Palate and Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Palate and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the oral vestibule?

A

between the lips and teeth

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2
Q

What vertebral line can the hyoid bone be found?

A

C3 - in line with the base of the mandible

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3
Q

What is the opening for the submandibular glands?

A

sublingual caruncle

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4
Q

What happens if you have a long frenulum?

A

tongue sticks out a lot

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5
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the floor of the mouth?

A

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

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6
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid?

A

CN V3 - muscle runs diagonally

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7
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

C1 via the hypoglossal nerve

- banded muscle

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8
Q

How many ml is secreted a day by the salivary glands?

A

500-750ml

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9
Q

How does the parotid gland secrete saliva?

A

through the 2nd upper molar

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10
Q

How does the submandibular gland secrete saliva?

A

via the lingual caruncle

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11
Q

How does the sublingual gland secrete saliva?

A

several ducts that are superior to it

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12
Q

What innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

CN VII - lingual nerve branch (of chorda tympani and CN V3)

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13
Q

What innervates the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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14
Q

What part of the tongue is not in the oral cavity?

A

posterior 1/3rd

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15
Q

What supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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16
Q

What supplies general sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN V3

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17
Q

What supplies teaste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN VII - chorda tympani

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18
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

line on the tongue

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19
Q

Where does the thyroid originate in development?

A

pharynx

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20
Q

Where does the thyroid decend down after originating in the pharynx?

A

foramen caecum

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21
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the tongue?

A

palatoglossus
genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus

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22
Q

What muscle of the tongue is supplied by CN X?

A

palatoglossus

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23
Q

What are the tongue muscles (apart from the palatoglossus) supplied by?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

24
Q

What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

change the postition of the tongue when swallowing, during mastication and speech - FUNCTION

25
Q

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

modify the shape of the tongue during its function

26
Q

How does the hypoglossal CN XII exit the brain?

A

connects to the medulla oblongata
exits brain through the hypoglossal canal in the anterior wall of the foramen magnum - in the ocipital bone
decends down the neck lateral to the carotid sheath
gets to C3 - hyoid bone level and passes anteriorly towards the tongue

27
Q

How is the hypoglossal CN XII tested?

A

patient sticks tongue out - tongue should be in midline

tongue will point towards the damaged side if not normal

28
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue? Where does it come from?

A

lingual artery

comes off the external carotid

29
Q

Where do arteries pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

A

medially

30
Q

Where do nerves pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

A

laterally

31
Q

What is the histology of the hard palate? front bit

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

What is the histology of the soft palate? back bit

A

non keratinised squamous epithelium

33
Q

What are the folds on the top of the mouth called?

A

rugae

34
Q

What is the role of the greater and lesser palatine foramina?

A

allow the branches of CN V2 and maxillary artery through

35
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)?

A

CN X - vagus

36
Q

What is the tensor veli palatini innervated by?

A

CN V3

37
Q

What is the role of the tensor veli palatini?

A

tenses the palatine aponeurosis

moves the flap

38
Q

What is the role of the levator veli palatini?

A

lifts the palatine aponeurosis

39
Q

What is the role of the mosculus uvulae?

A

shortens the uvula

40
Q

What is the role of the palatoglossus?

A

brings the tongue and soft palate together

41
Q

What is the role of the palatopharyngeus?

A

lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage
pulls palate down
extends from the palatine aponeurosis

42
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

a trap door to stop food from entering the nose during swallowing
directs air into the nose or mouth during speech, sneezing and vomiting
helps to close of entrance to the oropharynx

43
Q

How is the vagus nerve tested?

A

patient says Ahhh
uvula should be central
if there is a problem the uvula will move away from the damaged side

44
Q

What are the muscles of the outer circular layer of the pharynx? What is their role?

A

3 constrictor muscles

pushes food bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus

45
Q

What are the muscles of the inner longitudinal layer of the pharynx? What is their role?

A

3 paired vertical muscles

contracts and pulls the larynx superiorly shortening the pharynx during swallowing

46
Q

What makes up the superior muscles of the outer circular layer?

A

pterygoid hamrus
pterygomandibular raph
mylohyoid line

47
Q

What makes up the middle muscles of the outer circular layer?

A

greater horn of the hyoid

48
Q

What makes up the inferior muscles of the outer circular layer?

A

thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

49
Q

What are all of the muscles in the outer circular layer innervated by?

A

CN X via the pharyngeal plexus

50
Q

What is the role of the gaps between the outer circular layer muscles?

A

allow the lingual artery, CN IX and the stylopharyngeus muscle through the mouth

51
Q

What muscles make up the inner longitudinal layer of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

52
Q

What are the features of the stylopharyngeus?

A

passes through the gateway to the mouth with the glossopharyngeal nerve
supplied by CN IX - glossopharyngeal
comes from the styloid process

53
Q

What longitudinal muscles are supplied by CN X?

A

palatopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

54
Q

What is the torus tubaris?

A

opening of the Eustachian tube

55
Q

What comprises Waldeyers Tonsillar Ring?

A

pharyngeal tonsil
tubal tonsil
palatine tonsil
lingual tonsil

56
Q

What drains the palatine tonsil?

A

jugulo-digastric node

1. ENT (30 decks)

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