Anatomy of the Nose Flashcards
What are the different parts of the ethmoid bone?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid descends from the cribiform plate and extends upwards as the crista galli
What can le fort fractures cause?
ansomia
distruption of paranasal sinuses
facilitation of spread of infection
What fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?
le fort II and III
baslar skull fractures
What mucosa is in the nasal cavity?
respiratory epithelium = mainly
back portion is olfactory epithelium
What is respiratory epithelium?
ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What is the pathway of olfaction (sense of smell)?
receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium (in the superior conchae)
pass up through the cribiform plate and synapse with the olfactory bulb
the neurones pass along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe and other olfactory areas
What does the nasociliary nerve CN V1 pass through and give off?
anterior ethmoid foramen
anterior ethmoid nerve
What is the blood supply to the nose?
facial artery -> lateral nasal and septal branches
maxillary artery -> sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery
ophthalmic artery -> anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
What is Kisselbachs area?
site where astamoses occur so leads to nosebleeds (epistaxis)
Where is Kisselbachs area?
anteroinferiorly on the nasal septum
Where does an NG tube go into?
Eustachian tube/auditory tube/pharyngotympanic tube
What recess is above the superior chonchae?
spehnoethmoidal recess
What recess is below the superior chonchae?
superior meatus
What recess is blow the middle chonchae?
middle meatus
What recess is blow the inferior chonchae?
inferior meatus
What is the role of the concha?
acts as turbinates to cause turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity which increases chances for humidifying, warming and filtering
What are paranasal sinuses?
open spaces within the bone
What is each sinus lined by?
respiratory epithelium
What sinuses drain into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus?
frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
anterior ethmoid cells
What sinuses drain into the ethmoid bulla?
middle ethmoid cells
What sinuses drain into the superior meatus?
posterior ethmoid cells
What sinuses drain into the spehnoethmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
What creates the semilunar hiatus?
curvature of the ethmoid bulla
What drains into the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
Describe sinusitis?
inflammation of one or more paranasal sinus
the cilia of the respiratory mucosa can waft mucosa towards the ostitia
a viral URTI can cause swelling of the mucosa leading to reduced diameter of the Ostia meaning pressure builds in the sinuses
the ethmoid can break under the pressure and the infection can spread to the optic nerve and affect the eye
What is the sensation of the sinuses?
CN VI and CN V2
- may be referred to teeth
Which sinus is most prone to sinusitis?
maxillary sinus
as the cilia have to work against gravity as the ostitium is located superiorly
What is the oro-antral fistula?
communication between maxillary sinus and tooth socket
how tooth infections lead to sinus infections
Where is the ala of the nose?
bit above the nostrils
What is under the perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone?
vomer
