Anatomy of the Nose

Question 1

What are the different parts of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 1

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid descends from the cribiform plate and extends upwards as the crista galli

Question 2

What can le fort fractures cause?

Answer 2

ansomia
distruption of paranasal sinuses
facilitation of spread of infection

Question 3

What fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?

Answer 3

le fort II and III

baslar skull fractures

Question 4

What mucosa is in the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

respiratory epithelium = mainly

back portion is olfactory epithelium

Question 5

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 5

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 6

What is the pathway of olfaction (sense of smell)?

Answer 6

receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium (in the superior conchae)
pass up through the cribiform plate and synapse with the olfactory bulb
the neurones pass along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe and other olfactory areas

Question 7

What does the nasociliary nerve CN V1 pass through and give off?

Answer 7

anterior ethmoid foramen

anterior ethmoid nerve

Question 8

What is the blood supply to the nose?

Answer 8

facial artery -> lateral nasal and septal branches
maxillary artery -> sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery
ophthalmic artery -> anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 9

What is Kisselbachs area?

Answer 9

site where astamoses occur so leads to nosebleeds (epistaxis)

Question 10

Where is Kisselbachs area?

Answer 10

anteroinferiorly on the nasal septum

Question 11

Where does an NG tube go into?

Answer 11

Eustachian tube/auditory tube/pharyngotympanic tube

Question 12

What recess is above the superior chonchae?

Answer 12

spehnoethmoidal recess

Question 13

What recess is below the superior chonchae?

Answer 13

superior meatus

Question 14

What recess is blow the middle chonchae?

Answer 14

middle meatus

Question 15

What recess is blow the inferior chonchae?

Answer 15

inferior meatus

Question 16

What is the role of the concha?

Answer 16

acts as turbinates to cause turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity which increases chances for humidifying, warming and filtering

Question 17

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 17

open spaces within the bone

Question 18

What is each sinus lined by?

Answer 18

respiratory epithelium

Question 19

What sinuses drain into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus?

Answer 19

frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
anterior ethmoid cells

Question 20

What sinuses drain into the ethmoid bulla?

Answer 20

middle ethmoid cells

Question 21

What sinuses drain into the superior meatus?

Answer 21

posterior ethmoid cells

Question 22

What sinuses drain into the spehnoethmoidal recess?

Answer 22

sphenoid sinus

Question 23

What creates the semilunar hiatus?

Answer 23

curvature of the ethmoid bulla

Question 24

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 24

nasolacrimal duct

Question 25

Describe sinusitis?

Answer 25

inflammation of one or more paranasal sinus
the cilia of the respiratory mucosa can waft mucosa towards the ostitia
a viral URTI can cause swelling of the mucosa leading to reduced diameter of the Ostia meaning pressure builds in the sinuses
the ethmoid can break under the pressure and the infection can spread to the optic nerve and affect the eye

Question 26

What is the sensation of the sinuses?

Answer 26

CN VI and CN V2

- may be referred to teeth

Question 27

Which sinus is most prone to sinusitis?

Answer 27

maxillary sinus

as the cilia have to work against gravity as the ostitium is located superiorly

Question 28

What is the oro-antral fistula?

Answer 28

communication between maxillary sinus and tooth socket

how tooth infections lead to sinus infections

Question 29

Where is the ala of the nose?

Answer 29

bit above the nostrils

Question 30

What is under the perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 30

vomer