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1. ENT > Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the external ear?

A

auricle to the tempanic membrane (via the external acoustic meatus)

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2
Q

What is the role of the external ear?

A

collects and conveys sound waves to the tempanic membrane

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3
Q

What comprises the middle ear?

A

tempanic membrane to the oval window and Eustachian tube

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4
Q

What is the role of the middle ear?

A

amplifys and conducts sound waves to the inner ear

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5
Q

What comprises the inner ear?

A

oval window to the internal aucoustic meatus

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6
Q

What is the role of the inner ear?

A

converts special sensory information into fluid waves then action potentials then conducts the action potentials to the brain

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7
Q

What are the two parts to the temporal bone?

A

upper squamous part

lower petrous part

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8
Q

What nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

A

facial CN VII

vestibulocochlear CN VIII

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9
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

H shaped suture between the frontal, parietal, temporal and spehnoid bone

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10
Q

Is the Pterion thin or thick?

A

thin

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11
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus?

A

hole of the ear

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12
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus found?

A

runs beside the jugular vein, CNVII, CNVIII and the labrynthine artery and vein - in the circle of willis

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13
Q

What supplies the taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

facial nerve - chorda tympani

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14
Q

What supplies secretomotor to the salivary and lacrimal glands?

A

facial nerve

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15
Q

What supplies motor to the stapedius?

A

facial nerve

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16
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the external ear?

A

elastic cartilage

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17
Q

What makes up the ear canal?

A

outer 1/3rd cartilage and medial 2/3rds bony

lined by skin

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18
Q

What secreted ear wax in the ear canal?

A

ceruminous glands

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19
Q

What are all of the nerves that supply the pinna of the ear? (outer fleshy bit)

A

C2,3 spinal nerves
CN V3
CN X
CN VII

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20
Q

The vagus nerve supplies the some of the ear canal, what else does it supply that may be affected when you stick your finger in your ear?

A

back of the throat

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21
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superior half (lateral surface) of the auricle?

A

parotid lymph nodes

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22
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the inferior half (cranial surface) of the auricle?

A

mastoid lymph nodes

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23
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rest of the auricle?

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

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24
Q

How must the external auricular meatus be examined?

A

pull up the pinna to straighten the EAM

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25
Q

How are childrens EAMs different?

A

they are already straight so dont need to pull on them - may damage the tympanic membrane if you do

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26
Q

What is the thick part of the tympanic membrane called?

A

pas tensa

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27
Q

What is the thin part of the tympanic membrane called?

A

pas flaccida

28
Q

What is the nerve supply ot the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

29
Q

What is the nerve supply ot the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

30
Q

What are the 3 ossicles of the middle ear?

A

malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil)
stapes (stirrip)

31
Q

What sensory supply does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A 
middle ear cavity
eustachian tube
nasopharynx
oropharynx
tonsils
32
Q

What are the two muscles of the inner ear?

A

stapedius

tensor tympani

33
Q

What recess is superior to the tympanic membrane?

A

epitympanic recess

34
Q

How do the auditory ossicles articulate?

A

synovial joints

35
Q

What creates the umbo?

A

handle of the malleus

36
Q

What connects the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen?

A

facial nerve

37
Q

Where is the opening to the Eustachian tube?

A

below the pharangeal tonsil - adenoid

38
Q

What is the path of the Eustachian tube?

A

connects the anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx

39
Q

Why can tonsils mimic ear pain?

A

both have the same sensory nerve supply - CN IX glossopharyngeal

40
Q

What is the main nerve supply to the laryngopharynx?

41
Q

What is the role of the eustachian tubes?

A

equalises pressure in the ears by contraction of muscles

42
Q

What is the pathway of the facial nerve?

A

comes off the CNS at the ponto medullary junction
goes into the IAM in the posterior cranial fossa
goes out the temporal bone through the stylomastoid foramen or the IAM

43
Q

What is the Chorda tympani?

A

branch of the CNVII

44
Q

What is the role of the chorda tympani?

A

supplies the taste to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

parasympathetic supply to the submandibular and sublingual glands

45
Q

What supplies the stapedius?

A

facial nerve

46
Q

Whtat is the role of the stapedius?

A

smallest muscle in the body

reduces the stepes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

47
Q

What muscle is lost in diseases such as anorexia?

A

buccal fat pad

48
Q

Where is the Vermillion border?

A

between the lip and adjacent normal skin

49
Q

Where is the inner ear found?

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

50
Q

What are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve and what do they do?

A

cochlear nerve - hearing

vestibular nerve - balance

51
Q

Where is the otic capsule found?

52
Q

What is contained in the otic capsule?

A

perilymph in the the bony labrynith and suspended in the perilymph there is endolymph

53
Q

What are the different parts of the otic capsule?

A

semicircle canals
cochlea
round window
oval window

54
Q

What is the apex of the cochlea called?

55
Q

What do both the cochlea and semicircular canals contain?

A

ducts filled with lymph

56
Q

What is contained within the otic capsule that are clusters of hair cells that detect the movement of endolymph?

A

vestibular apparatus

clusters of hair cells are called maculae

57
Q

What type of movement do the semicircular ducts detect?

58
Q

What type of movement do the utricles detect?

A

horizontal

59
Q

What type of movement do the saccules detect?

60
Q

How is sound transmitted?

A

sound waves make tympanic membrane vibrate
vibrates are transmitted through the ossicles
base of the stepes vibrates in the oval window and causes pressure waves in the perilymph
hair cells in the cochlea are moves and APs are stimulated and convayed in the brain by the cochlear nerve
pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
pressure waves are dampened at the round window

61
Q

Describe the cochlear apparatus?

A

receptor cells in the organ of Lorti detect auditory stimuli

receptor cells are located in the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct

62
Q

What two parts does the spiral ligament divide the cochlear duct into?

A

scala vestibuli

scala tympani

63
Q

How does the vestibular nerve connect with the brainstem?

A

pontomedullary junction
goes through IAM
then splits into cochlear and vestibular nerve axons

64
Q

What does the cochlear nerve form?

A

spiral nerve

65
Q

What does the vestibular nerve form?

A

semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule

1. ENT (30 decks)

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