Three. Economic Development. Flashcards
Which industries in particular were improving?
Iron, cotton and coal industries.
Why did Britain industrialise first?
There was a rise in population which meant there was a larger workforce and increased demand for supplies, there was an agricultural revolution which meant people were healthy and there was political stability.
Why did Britain industrialise first?
There were a lot of natural resources to power machines, and there was free movement throughout the country which meant people were never far from water and you could easily transport goods.
What happened to the production of goods?
Went from small scale production goods in domestic surroundings to large scale production in factories.
What was the population growth from 1801 to 1811?
1801 = 10.9 million in Britain 1811 = 12.6 million in Britain
How did cotton production change?
Before industrialisation, wool and linen were at the heart of the cotton industry. Made in people’s homes or smal workshops- referred to as ‘cottage industry’.
When was the power loom invented?
Cartwright invented the power loom in 1789 which meant that many hand loomers lost their job.
How did the development of the Cotton industry benefit the Iron and Coal industry?
New cotton mills built for bigger more sophisticated machines which meant that more water wheels were designed to generate power for them and so demand for iron increased.
How did the Cotton and Iron industry depend on Coal?
Coal replaced wood as a fuel in iron smelting. It provided a cheap fuel for any manufacturing process that required heat.
Why did the 1780s see the height of the canal era?
Heavy/bulky items could be transported more cheaply than by road or river. It was essential for industrialisation to be able to efficiently transport raw materials to factories and manufactured goods to a wide market.
How long did the canal era last?
From 1759 to the early 1800s. Only lasted about 70 years because it was stopped by the railway age.
What were the disadvantages of canals?
They were difficult and expensive to construct, could only follow limited routes and they froze up in the winter and were slow to operate.
What did the development of steam power do to the manufacturing industry?
Allowed a massive increase in the volume of goods produced in almost every area of manufacture. Previously, factories had to be built close to a source of power (e.g water).
How many steam engines were in Britain by 1800?
By 1800, Watt and Boulton had hundreds of engines in operation in Britain. Less than a third was in the cotton industry.
What were the benefits of the enclosure of land?
Increased production, profits, healthier livestock and the growing population had a growing variety of fresh food.
