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SHB - Exam 2 > Thorax Overview > Flashcards

Thorax Overview Flashcards

1
Q

How many ribs are classified as true, false, and “floating” ribs?

A

true= 7 - directly attach to sternum

false = 3 - articulate with costal arch (not with sternum)

2 = floating ribs

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2
Q

At what Thoracic level will the following structures be found

  1. Manubrium - Suprasternal Notch
  2. Sternal Angle
  3. Xiphoid Process/ Xipersternal Joint
A
  1. T2
  2. T4 - T5
  3. T9-10
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3
Q

What rib will one fond the Sternal Ange/Angle of Louis?

A

2nd Rib

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4
Q

The thoracic inlet is bounded by what 3 structures?

A
  1. 1st rib
  2. T1 vertebrae
  3. MANUBRIUM
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5
Q

The thoracic outlet is bounded by what 3 structures?

A
  1. 12th Rib
  2. Costal Arch
  3. Xiphoid Process
  • closed off by the DIAPHRAGM
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6
Q

What are the four intercostal muscles and in what direction to they project?

A
  1. External Intercostal - project inferomedially (hands in pockets)
  2. Internal Intercostal - 90 degrees
  3. Innermost Intercostal - up and down
  4. Transversus Thoracis - on the BACK of the costal cartilage project to the sternum
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7
Q

What structure closes the thorax off from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior wall of the Thorax?

What are they a branch of?

A

Anterior Intercostal Arteries

- branch of Internal Thoracic & Musculophrenic Arteries
&supreme thoracic

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the POSTERIOR wall of the Thorax? What are they a branch of?

A

Posterior Intercostal Arteries

  • branch of the AORTA & costacervical trunk
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10
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thorax?

A

Braciocephalic vein (long and moves to the left- in the body)

  • Azygos veins
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11
Q

What is the area between the right and left pleural cavities?

A

Mediastinum

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12
Q

The pleura is continuous, true or false? What is the innermost pleura called? Outermost?

A

TRUE

inner = Visceral
outer = Parietal
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13
Q

What are the contents of the Superior Mediastinum? (there are 11) What is it bounded by?

A
  1. Aortic Arch
  2. Braciocephalic Trunk
  3. Left Common Carotid A.
  4. Left subclavian A.
  5. Superior Vena Cava
  6. Braciocephalic V.
  7. Thymus
  8. Trachea & Esophogus
  9. Vagus & Phrenic
  10. Recurrent Laryngeal N.
  11. THoracic Duct

BOUNDED BY THORACIC INLET AND STERNAL ANGLE (2nd rib/ T4)

* GREAT VESSELS OF THE HEART

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14
Q

What are the contents of the Middle Mediastinum? (there are 4) it is the area ______ the heart.

A
  1. Pericardium
  2. Heart & great vessels
  3. root of lungs
  4. Phrenic Nerves

Area AROUND the heart

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15
Q

What are the contents of the Anterior Mediastinum? (there are 2) it is the area ______ the heart.

A

in FRONT of the heart

  1. Areolar Tissue
  2. Lymph Nodes
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16
Q

What are the contents of the Posterior Mediastinum? (there are 6). It is the area ______ the heart.

A

BEHIND the heart

  1. Descending Aorta
  2. Azygos/Hemizygos
  3. Esophogus
  4. Vagus
  5. Thoracic Splanchnic
  6. Thoracic Duct
17
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

Closed sac that invests each lung

- contains serrous fluid for LUBRICATION

18
Q

What pleura covers the

lungs?

A

VISCERAL Pleura

19
Q

What is a pleural recess? What are 2 important ones?

A

Between the PARIETAL and VISCERAL pleura forming potential spaces
- allow MAX EXPANSION of the lung (during forced ventilation)

  1. Costodiaphragmatic Recess
  2. Costomediastinal Recess
20
Q

Which side of the aorta contains the braciocephalic trunk? What two structures come DIRECTLY off the Aorta?

A
  1. RIGHT = braciocephalic trunk

2. LEFT = Left Common Carotid Artery + Left Subclavian Artery

21
Q

The radiology oncologist explains to you that your patients tumor is at the T3 level
and is compressing an artery. Which artery might be involved?

A: Descencing Aorta
B: Ascending Aorta
C: Braciocephalic
D: Right subclavian 
E: Musculophrenic
A

C: Braciocephalic

22
Q 
Patient is a 25 year old male that was mugged. He was shot in the chest. The bullet entered just below the sternal angle and lodged in a vertebra posteriorly. Which vertebrae?
A: T2
B: T3
C: T4
D: T5
E: T6
A

D: T5

23
Q

Patient has a fracture of the costal cartilage of the 4th rib. You could localize this by:

A

A: counting down 2 ribs from the sternal angle (sternal angle is at 2nd RIB

24
Q

Your patient has an osteocarcoma on the anterior surface of the T6 vertebral body. Which artery would be most affected?

A

B: Right posterior Intercostal A.

25
Q

What ribs does the transverse thoracis muscle attach to?

A

Ribs 2-6

-behind sternum, attaching to the body of the ribs

26
Q

Which artery comes directly off the aorta?

A

POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL

27
Q

How many intercostal nerves are there? What is the nerve under the 12th rib called?

A

11!!! only 11 intercostal spaces

VAN - vein artery nerve

the last nerve is the SUBCOSTAL

28
Q

When entering the intercostal space with a needle, should one go above or below the rib?

A

ABOVE

  • since nerve is found directly below
29
Q

Which vein has a longer course to reach the superior vena cava?

A

LEFT Braciocephalic Vein is longer

30
Q

Where does the trachea begin to divide?

A

TRACHEA WILL DIVIDE AT THE STERNAL ANGLE - T4 – T5 at 2nd rib

31
Q

How does the Vagus nerve reach the abdominal cavity (from the thorax)?

A
  • from thorax to abdominal cavity via:

ESOPHOGUS

  • carries PARASYMPATHETICS

SHB - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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