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SHB - Exam 2 > Embryology of the heart > Flashcards

Embryology of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

The three layers of heart cells: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium) are all derived from_______

A

Splanchninc Mesodern

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2
Q

The primordial heart begins to beat at week______

A

4

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3
Q

What do the 5 chambers contribute to?

  1. Truncus Arteriosus
  2. Bulbus Cordis
  3. Primitive Ventricle
  4. Primitive Atrium
  5. Sinus Venosus
A
  1. Pulmonary Trunk & aorta
  2. Smooth part of Right and Left Ventricles
  3. Rough* part of right and left ventricle
  4. right and left auricles
  5. coronary sinus & part of Right atrium
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4
Q

What contributes to the continuity of aorta with left ventricle & the pulmonary trunk with the right ventricle?

A

Aorticopulmonary Septum

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5
Q

What forms the 3rd, 4th, and 6th aortic arches?

A

3rd –> Common Carotid & part of internal carotid

4th–>arch of AORTA (from left c.carotid to left subclavian) + right SUBCLAVIAN

6th–> left = PULMONARY artery & DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

right = right pulmonary artery

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6
Q

Which arctic arch completely disappears?

A

5th (1st and 2nd almost completely disappear as well)

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7
Q

Where is fetal blood oxygenated?

A

Placenta

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8
Q

What are 2 of the most common congenital anomalies in the heart?

A
  1. Patent oval foramen - connect R& L atrium
  2. Patent Ductus Arteriosus - conenct Pulmonary Artery to Descending Aorta

(both fail to close)

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9
Q

What disease in the mother is a likely cause of PDA (Patent Ductus Arterioles)?

A

Rubella infection of the mother

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10
Q

What is:

  1. Atrial Septal Defects (ASD)
  2. Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)?
A
  1. ASD = Patent Foramen Ovale

2. VSD = in membranous part, most COMMON Congenital HEART DEFECT

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11
Q

What is the term for cyanotic heart disease?

A

Transposition of great vessels

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12
Q

What is Fallot’s Tetralogy? What are the 4 features?

A

**Abnormal division of Truncus Arteriosus (pulmonary trunk & aorta)

  • most common cyanotic (blue baby) heart lesion

4 features:

  1. Overriding Aorta
  2. Pulmonary Stenosis
  3. VSD
  4. Hypertrophy of RIGHT VENTRICLE
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13
Q

How does one detect VSD?

A

heart auscultations (heart murmur will be found)

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14
Q

What is an abnormal position of the heart classified as?

A
  1. DEXTOCARDIA

- right sided heart*

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15
Q

From what does the uterus and uterine tubes develop from in the female?

What about the male?

A
  1. Paramesonephric Ducts

2. Mesonephric Ducts (stimulated by the release of testosterone by the INTERSTITIAL CELLS)

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16
Q

What do stroll cells produce?

A

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

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17
Q

Which pharyngeal ARCH disappears?

A

5th

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18
Q

What are the components of the brachial apparatus?

A

CAP
Clefts= Ectoderm
Arches= Mesoderm  LINING INSIDE
Pouches= Endoderm

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19
Q

What do the following arches develop into?

1st
2nd
3rd
4 & 6th

A

1s = Muscles of Mastication (V3)

2nd = Facial Expression (7)

3rd = Stylopharyngeus (9)

4th = Cricothyroid (External L.)

6th = Muscles of the LARYNX (recurrent L.)

20
Q

What are do the POUCHES develop into

1, 2,3, 4

A

Ear, Tonsil, BOTTOM to TOP

Ear  1st = middle ear cavity, auditory eustachian tube

Tonsils  2nd = Palatine Tonsils, Tonsillar Fossa

Bottom 3rd = Inferior Parathyroid Gland, Thymus

TO

Top 4th = SUPERIOR THYROID

21
Q

What is the development of the first 4 CLEFTS?

A

1st cleft : external auditory meatus

2nd, 3rd and 4th clefts are obliterated by overgrowth of the 2nd arch and 4th arch toward each other forming a cervical sinus – if persists forms the branchial cyst or fistula

22
Q

Which type of growth is found at the SCM?

A

BRACHIAL CYST

23
Q

What is the cyst by the midline of the neck?

A

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

24
Q

What are the following derivatives of the Aortic Arches

1st,2nd
3rd
4
5th - left & right side
6th - left & right side
A

1,2, and 5 are obliterated**

3rd = Common Carotid + 1st part of internal carotid

4th = Left - Arch of the Aorta
Right = Right Subclavian

6th

Left = Ductus Arteriosus + Left Pulmonary Artery

Right = RIGHT Pulmonary A.

25
Q

What does the 3rd Aortic arch develop into?

A

Arch #3 Common carotid arteries + part of Internal carotid. A.

26
Q

What does the 4th Aortic arch develop into?

A

Arch #4 aortic arch on the left side,

subclavian artery on the right side

27
Q

What does the 6th Aortic arch develop into

A

Arch #6
Ductus arteriosus + Left Pulmonary.
Right pulmonary artery on the right side

28
Q

Heart is mesoderm, endoderm or ectoderm?

A

MESODERM

29
Q

What is the smooth part of the ventricle formed from?

A

Smooth part of the ventricle = BULBUS CORDIS

30
Q

What is the ROUGH part of the ventricle formed from?

A

ROUGH part = PRIMITIVE VENTRICLE

31
Q

What does the SINUS VENOSUS form?

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Coronary sinus

Atrium has SINUS VENOSUS  formation of Left and Right Atrium - MAINLY THE CORONARY SINUS***

32
Q

The entire length of the gut is formed by what?

A

DORSAL MESENTARY

33
Q

How many degrees does the stomach rotate?

A

90

34
Q

What is the axis of rotation for the MIDGUT and how many rotations does it make?

A

MIDGUT rotates 270 degrees around the Superior Mesenteric Artery

  • 3 rotations
35
Q

If intestinal tube does not come back inside, and loop of the intestine comes out, what is this called?

A

Omphalocele

  • Physiologic Hernia
36
Q

What Establishes anorectal canal and urogenital sinus?

A

CLOACA

37
Q

The gut tube is:
mesoderm
endoderm
or ectoderm?

What about the trigone?
The bladder?

A
  1. Gut tube = Endoderm
  2. Trigone = Mesoderm
  3. Bladder = endoderm
38
Q

What gives us the 1st kidney by the cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. Pronephros
39
Q

what gives us the ureteric bud & mesonephric duct?

A

MESONEPHRIS

40
Q

What gives us the kidney?

A

Metonephris

1= pronephros
2=mesonephros
3=metonephros

41
Q

Where is the kidney at the time of development?

A

PELVIS

42
Q

What is the term for two kidneys that unite together?

A

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

43
Q

Where does the ureteris bud open into?

A

URETERIC BUD  opens at the UROGENITAL SINUS

  • (part of the Cloaca, which is endoderm)
44
Q

What do the 3 divisions of the UG sinus develop into?

  1. Phallic
  2. Vesical
  3. Pelvic
A
  1. Clitoris/penis
  2. Bladder
  3. URETHRA
45
Q

What two structures form the urinary bladder?

A
  1. Urogenital Sinus

2. Mesoderm

SHB - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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