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SHB - Exam 2 > Anterior Thigh & Femoral Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Thigh & Femoral Triangle Flashcards

1
Q 
Which structure is not encased by the femoral sheet within the femoral triangle?
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics?
A

FEMORAL NERVE

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2
Q 
What anterior thigh muscle must be retracted to expose the adductor canal and its contents? 
 Adductor magnus
 Gracilis
 Rectus femoris
 Sartorius
 Vastus intermedius
A

Sartorius

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3
Q

A serious complication of fractures of the femoral neck is avascular necrosis of the femoral head. This usually results from rupture of which artery?
Acetabular branch of obturator
Deep circumflex iliac
Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral
Medial circumflex femoral
Second perforating branch of lateral circumflex

A

Medial Circumflex Femoral

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4
Q 
An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may affect the function of all of the following muscles EXCEPT: 
 Adductor brevis
 Adductor longus
 Gracilis
 Obturator externus
 Pectineus
A

Pectineus

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5
Q 
Which of the following is NOT located within the adductor canal? 
 Saphenous nerve
 Femoral artery
 Nerve to vastus medialis
 Femoral vein
 Deep femoral artery
A

DEEP FEMORAL ARTERY

The adductor canal contains: the femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis. Adductor longus and magnus make the posterior boundary of the canal, and vastus medialis is the lateral boundary of the canal. The roof of the canal is formed by sartorius.

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6
Q

Blood flow around an occlusion of the femoral (superficial femoral) artery at the apex of the femoral triangle could be provided by:
Anterior tibial recurrent
Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral
Descending genicular
Medial circumflex femoral
Perforating branches of the deep femoral

A

Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral

-The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery anastamoses with both the descending genicular branch of the femoral artery as well as the lateral superior genicular branch of the popliteal artery. These connections provide collateral circulation to the knee and leg. This could help blood flow around an occlusion to the proximal femoral artery. The anterior tibial recurrent artery is an artery that supplies the knee–it is a branch of the anterior tibial artery and it is not an artery that could help blood flow around an obstruction in the femoral artery. The descending genicular artery branches from the femoral artery just superior to the adductor hiatus. If the femoral artery was occluded, this artery would not recieve blood flow.

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7
Q 
In the middle third of the thigh, the superficial and deep femoral arteries are separated by: 
 Adductor longus
 Adductor magnus
 Gracilis
 Pectineus
 Vastus medialis
A

The correct answer is: Adductor longus

The femoral artery is superficial to adductor longus, while the deep femoral artery is deep to adductor longus. Since adductor longus is the posterior border of the adductor canal, this explains why the femoral artery is considered part of the adductor canal, while the deep femoral artery is not in the adductor canal. The deep femoral artery runs deep to the adductor canal, but immediately superficial to adductor brevis and magnus.

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8
Q 
Following surgical opening of the adductor canal, a patient experienced a loss of cutaneous sensation of the medial side of the leg. Which nerve was cut?
	Ilioinguinal
	Femoral
	Obturator
	Medial sural cutaneous
 Saphenous
A

SAPHENOUS

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9
Q

Name the innervations to the following Leg regions:

  1. Anterior Leg
  2. Medial Thigh
  3. Posterior Thigh
  4. Posterior Leg & Foot
  5. Anterior Leg
  6. Lateral Leg
A
  1. Femoral Nerve
  2. Obturator N.
  3. Sciatic N.
  4. TIBIAL
    Medial Plantar = LAFF (Lumbrical, Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Flexor Hallucis Longus)
  5. Deep Fibular N. (dorsiflexion)
  6. Superficial Fibular N. (eversion of foot)
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10
Q

During a routine physical exam, the physician taps a patient’s patellar ligament with a reflex hammer and elicits a knee-jerk reflex. Which of the following nerves mediates this patellar reflex?

A. Common fibular
B. Femoral
C. Obturator
D. Saphenous
E. Tibial
A

B) Femoral N.

QUADRICEPS TENDON –> extends the knee

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11
Q

You are called to see a 35-year-old man who was admitted to hospital earlier that day. He was involved in a road traffic accident and sustained a fracture of his left tibia. He is now complaining of pain, and on examination his leg appears white and cold. You are unable to palpate his foot pulses. He is diagnosed with compartment syndrome affecting the extensor compartment of his leg. Which nerve supplies the extensor compartment of the leg?

a. Deep peroneal nerve (Fibular)
b. Femoral nerve
c. Sciatic nerve
d. Superficial peroneal nerve
e. Sural nerve

A

A) Deep Peroneal N.

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12
Q

Achilles Tendon is responsible for what reflex? The tibialias Anterior?

A
  1. Plantar Flexion (pointing foot)

2. Dorsiflexion

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13
Q

After the Femoral A. travels through the Adductor Hiatus, what is its name change?

A

POPLITEAL A.

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14
Q

What branch is vital for the cruciate anastomoses to the superior lateral genicular artery in the knee?

A

Descending Lateral Femoral Circumflex

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15
Q

The popliteal artery divides into what branches at the knee?

A

Superior Medial & LATERAL Genicular

Inferior Medial & Lateral Genicular

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16
Q

Which artery that travels on top of the interposes membrane becomes the DORSALIS PEDIS after passing the inferior retinaculum?

A

Anterior Tibial A.

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17
Q

Which artery forms the Plantar (DEEP) Arch? Which formss the dorsal (superficial Arch)?

A
  1. Lateral PLantar A.

2. Dorsalis Pedis

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18
Q

Which vein is often used for grafts for HEART BYPASS?

A

GREAT SAPHENOUS Vein

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19
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the femoral triangle? Which muscles form the FLOOR of the triangle?

A
  1. Sartorius (Lateral)
  2. Adductor Longus (medial)
  3. Inguinal Ligament (superior)

Iliopsoas & Pectineus

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20
Q

Which artery gives off the Medial & Lateral Femoral Circumflex branches?

A

DEEP FEMORAL A.

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21
Q

What arteries are in the cruciate anastomoses?

A

FILM

  1. Inferior Gluteal
  2. Medial Femoral Circumflex
  3. Lateral Femoral CIrcumflex
  4. First Perforating Branch of Deep Femoral
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22
Q

What is the function of the Iliopsoas Muscle?

A

Flex the hip!

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23
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?

A

SAPHENOUS Nerve –> Off of Femoral

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24
Q

Where does the obturator Nerve begin to split?

A

On top of Adductor Brevis

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25
Q

What are the muscles of Pez Ansirinus (goose’s foot)?

A

SGT

  1. Sartorius
  2. Gracilis
  3. Semitendinosus
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26
Q

What travel’s through Alcock’s Canal? Though the Obturator Canal?

A
  1. Pudendal N & internal Pudendal A.

2. Obterator N + Artery

27
Q

What provides cutaneous innervation to the femoral Triangle?

A

Genitofemoral

28
Q

What provides the cutaneous innervation to the Lateral Aspect of the thigh?

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous

29
Q

What ventral Rami make up the Sacral Plexus?

A

L4,L5

S1,2,3

30
Q

What innervates ILipsoas Muscle?

A

Iliacus - Femoral N.

Psoas - Ventral Rami L1-4

31
Q

Pectineus Muscle is innervated by what? Adductor Magnus?

A

BOTH Obturator & Femoral N.

  • Adductor Magnus
    OBTERATOR + Sciatic Nerve
32
Q

What is the function of the QUADRICEPS muscles? What muscles make up the Quadriceps? What innervates them? What is Articulates Genu? Innervated by?

A

extend knee
- Femoral N.

  1. Rectus Femoris - FLEX HIP***(only one)
  2. Vastus Medialis
  3. Vastus Lateralis
  4. Vastus Intermedialis

– Innervated by FEMORAL N.

  • Articularis Genu =prevent compression/entrapment, raises the synovial membrane during KNEE extension
    = FEMORAL N.
33
Q

What are the muscles of the medial thigh? What is their primary function? What are they innervated by?

A
  1. Pectineus - Obterator N + Femoral N.
  2. Adductor Longus - OBTERATOR Nerve for the rest
  3. Adductor Brevis
  4. Adductor Magnus - Obterator N + Sciatic N.(hamstringpart = extend thigh)
  5. Obterator Externus –> LATERAL ROTATOR
  6. Gracilis

ALL ARE ADDUCTORS OF THE THIGH, except Obturator Externus which is a Lateral Rotator

34
Q

Obterator A. is a branch of what?

A

Internal Iliac (Anterior Division)

35
Q

What is the function & Innervation of the Following compartments of the leg?

  1. Anterior
  2. Lateral
  3. Posterior
A
  1. Anterior - DORSIFLEXION - Deep FIbular N.
  2. Lateral - EVERSION - Superficial FIbular N.
  3. Posterior - PLANTAR FLEXION - Tibial Nerve*
36
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

increased tissue pressure compresses capillaries, leading to loss of blood necrosis of tissue

37
Q

What are the muscles of the ANTERIOR LEG? What are these muscles innervated by? What are their functions?

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior - DORSIFLEX + Invert foot
  2. Extensor Hallucis Longus - Extends BIG TOE + Dorsiflex foot
  3. Extensor Digitorum Longus - extends toes (dorsiflex foot)
  4. Fibularis Peroneus Tertius - DORSIFLEX & EVERT*** foot

ALL INNERVATED BY DEEP FIBULAR N.

  • held in place by Superior & Inferior Retinacula
38
Q

Overuse of which muscle can lead to separation from the periosteum, leading to pain and “shin splints”?

A

Tibialis Anterior!!!!

39
Q

What nerve gives cutaneous innervation between the 1st and 2nd toes?

A

Deep Fibular N.

40
Q

What are the muscles of the LATERAL LEG? What are their innervations? What are their functions?

A
  1. Fibularis Longus - EVERTS FOOT*
    - passes under the foot from LAT to MEDIAl and insert onto 1st metarsal
  2. FIbularis Brevis - EVERTS FOOT
  • both have weak plantar flexion
    INNERVATED BY SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR N.
  • gives cutaneous innervation to the dorsal of the foot (except between 1st & 2nd toes)
41
Q

What is the biggest dermatome which travels over the knee? Which dermatomes are on the back of the thigh?

A

L4!

Thigh = S1,S2

42
Q

What muscles are innervated by the medial plantar nerves?

A

Medial Planar: LAFF

Lumbrical (Medial 1)
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexor Hallicis Brevis

43
Q

What muscles binds the Adductor Canal? What does it contain?

A

Adductor canal bounded

  • laterally by vastus medialis,
  • posteriorly by add. longus & magnus,
  • superiorly by Sartorius mm.;

**contains femoral A & V.

44
Q

Does OBTURATOR EXTERNUS medially or laterally rotate the HIP?

A

OBTERATOR EXTERNUS
- Outside the obterator foramen to the Greater trochanter 

LATERALLY ROTATES**

  • Obterator Internus does the same
45
Q

What are the abductors of the hip? What innervates them?

A

ABDUCTORS: (Superior Gluteal N.)

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata

46
Q

What are the LATERAL ROTATORs of the hip?

A
  1. Obterator Externus (Obterator N.)
  2. Obterator Internus (N. to obterator Internus)
  3. Gemelli (Superior = Nerve to Obterator Internus, Inferior = Nerve to Quadratus Femoris)
  4. Piriformis (Nerve to Piriformis, Ventral Rami L5, S1, S2)***
  5. Quadratus Femoris
  6. Gluteus Maximus
47
Q

What are the extensors of the hip?

A

Extensors:

Hamstrings:

  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Long Head of Biceps (all done by Tibial portion of Sciatic N.)
    - short head - common peroneal
  4. Adductor Magnus – POSTERIOR part* - Sciatic N.
  5. Gluteus Maximus – Inferior Gluteal N.
48
Q

What are the medial rotators of the hip?

A

MEDIAL ROTATORS:

  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Minimus
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Supplied by SUPERIOR GLUTEAL N.

MEDIAL ROTATORS who also function to ABDUCT*****

49
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A

ADDUCTORs:

Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Obturator Externus
50
Q

What are the boundaries of the poplateal fossa? What are the contents of the fossa, medial to lateral?

A
  1. Semimebranosus
  2. Biceps Femoris
  3. Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
  4. Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

MEDIALLY:
Popliteal Artery (DEEPEST STRUCTURE***), Vein
Tibial Nerve
Common Peroneal Nerve

51
Q

What is the nerve that can be injured by a car bumper?

A

Common Peroneal N.

52
Q

Injury to what nerve can cause foot drop?

A

Common Peroneal
- Tibialis Anterior Muscle

(Deep Branch more specifically)

53
Q

What innervates Extensor Digitorum Brevis & Extensor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Deep Fibular N.

54
Q 
What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen? 
 Gluteus minimus
 Obturator internus
 Piriformis
 Quadratus femoris
 Superior gemellus
A

Obterator Internus

55
Q 
As a patient with paralyzed gluteus medius and minimus muscles on the left side attempts to stand on the left limb only, the right side of the pelvis typically: 
 Drops
 Elevates 
 Rotates laterally
 Rotates medially
 Thrusts forward
A

DROPS

56
Q 
When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly to enter the popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position deepest in the fossa, which structure is most vulnerable to laceration? 
 Common fibular n.
 Lesser saphenous v.
 Popliteal a.
 Popliteal v.
 Tibial n.
A

he correct answer is: Popliteal artery

The popliteal fossa contains the popliteal artery, popliteal vein, common fibular nerve, and tibial nerve. The popliteal artery is the deepest structure in the fossa–it lies on the posterior side of the knee joint. So, it is the structure that would be most likely to be lacerated by the broken distal end of the femur. The popliteal vein lies superficial to the artery, and the tibial nerve lies superficial to the popliteal vein. These three structures are right in the middle of the fossa. The common fibular nerve descends toward the fibular neck, on the lateral side of the popliteal fossa. The lesser saphenous vein drains the superficial posterolateral lower limb. It eventually terminates in the popliteal vein.

57
Q 
Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve? 
 Tibial
 Superior gluteal
 Inferior gluteal
 Obturator
 Femoral
A

Inferior Gluteal

  • GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
58
Q

During surgical repair of a popliteal artery aneurism, ligation of the femoral artery at mid-thigh would not interrupt supply to the hamstring muscles because the
Genicular anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh
Cruciate anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh
Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery supply the posterior thigh
Obturator artery supplies the posterior thigh
Anterior and posterior femoral circumflex arteries anastomose with the inferior gluteal artery

A

Perforating Branches of DEEP FEMORAL

59
Q 
The medial thigh muscles rotate the femur medially, counterbalanced by muscles of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ thigh, including the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle, which rotates the femur laterally. 
 Lateral; tensor fasciae latae
 Anterior; rectus femoris
 Lateral; piriformis
 Posterior; biceps femoris
 Posterior; quadriceps femoris
A

The correct answer is: Lateral; piriformis
A good way to answer this question is to look for a muscle that is a lateral rotator of the thigh and then make sure that the compartment that it is listed with is correct. Piriformis laterally rotates the thigh; it is a member of the lateral compartment which includes other muscles that laterally rotate the thigh, like obturator internus and the superior and inferior gemellus muscles. So, this is the best answer.

Tensor fasciae latae is in the lateral compartment, but it’s a medial rotator of the thigh, so this is not a correct answer. Rectus femoris is one of the quadriceps muscles, found in the anterior compartment of the thigh. This compartment extends the knee and flexes the hip, but these muscles do not rotate the thigh. Biceps femoris is a muscle in the posterior compartment–it’s a hamstring muscle that extends the hip and flexes the knee.

60
Q 
The hamstrings muscles are supplied by branches of which artery? 
 Deep femoral
 Fibular
 Obturator
 Pudendal
 Superficial femoral
A

Deep Femoral

61
Q 
Because of its muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect which movement of the lower limb? 
 Abduction of the thigh
 Dorsiflexion of the foot
 Extension of the leg
 Flexion of the leg
 Flexion of the thigh
A

FLEXION OF LEG

  • would affect hamstring muscles***

(ALL FROM ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY - except short head of biceps femurs –> femur)

62
Q 
In a hunting accident, an arrow pierces the mid-calf of a hunter. A major artery is lacerated in the posterior leg, and you notice that the sole of his foot is cold and pale. The dorsum of the foot is warm and normally colored. The artery that seems to be injured is the: 
 fibular artery
 posterior tibial artery
 femoral artery
 popliteal artery
 medial plantar artery
A

The correct answer is: Posterior tibial artery
The popliteal artery divides into two arteries: the posterior tibial artery and anterior tibial artery. The posterior tibial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg with blood. It also passes into the sole of the foot, where it branches to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries. So, the injury to the posterior surface of the leg and the lack of perfusion to the foot all point to an injury to the posterior tibial artery.

63
Q 
A patient complains of localized pain in a swollen lower calf and cannot strongly plantar flex his foot. What tendon may have ruptured? 
	calcaneal
	fibularis tertius
	flexor digitorum longus
	flexor hallucis longus
	tibialis anterior
A

The correct answer is: calcaneal
Gastrocnemius and soleus insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon, a tendon of the lower calf which is the thickest and strongest tendon of the body. These muscles are important plantarflexors of the foot, so it is likely that the tendon connected to these muscles has been damaged.

64
Q 
While on vacation in Florida following her final exams, a scuba diving medical student is accidentally speared by her diving partner. The end of the spear passes medial to lateral, posterior to the medial malleolus. It severs an artery there, which is the: 
 anterior tibial
 dorsalis pedis
 fibular
 medial plantar
 posterior tibial
A

The correct answer is: Posterior tibial
The posterior tibial artery passes from the posterior compartment of the leg, behind the medial malleolus, before entering the foot. In the foot, it splits to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries. Remember–this is one of the structures that is lined up behind the flexor retinaculum in a very characteristic way. To review, the order here is, from anterior to posterior: tendon of Tibialis posterior, tendon of flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery (and vein), tibial Nerve, and tendon of flexor Hallucis longus. So, T, D, A, N, H equals Tom, Dick, ANd Harry.

SHB - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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