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SHB - Exam 2 > Nasal & Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal & Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three MAJOR bones that make up the LATERAL wall? What are the 4 other bones?

A
  1. Lacrimal Bone
  2. Ethmoid (make up superior and middle conchae)
  3. Inferior Nasal Concha (SEPARATE bone)

Nasal bone (lateral and alar cartilages also)
Maxilla
Perpendicular plate
Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

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2
Q

What are the three major bones of the Medial wall aka NASAL SEPTUM?

A
  1. Perpendicular Plate of ETHMOID bone
  2. Vomer
  3. Septal Cartilage
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3
Q

What are the two major bones of the roof of the Nose?

A
  1. Cribiform plate of ETHMOID bone

2. Body of sphenoid Bone

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4
Q

What is found under the inferior nasal concha? Where does this structure drain into?

A

NASOLACRIMAL DUCT

  • drains into the INFERIOR MEATUS
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5
Q

What is the opening of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx called?

A

Choanae

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6
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses? How does the nasal cavity communicate with the paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal Sinus
  2. Maxillary Sinus
  3. Sphenoid Sinus
  4. Ethmoid Sinus

VIA meatal openings

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7
Q

To get to the Pterygopalatine fossa, one must travel through the ________

A

sphenopalatine foramen

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8
Q

How does one get from the nasal cavity to the ORAL cavity? What nerve travels through this foramen?

A

INCISIVE FORAMEN

  • nasopalatine nerve
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9
Q

Where do the anterior, middle and posterior ethmoid air cells drain into?

A

anterior - semilunar meatus
middle - ethmoid bulla
posterior - superior meatus

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10
Q

How do olfactory nerve terminals reach the nasal cavity?

A

CRIBIFORM PLATE

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11
Q

What blood vessel travels through the Sphenopalatine Foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine ARTERY

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal sinuses?

A

Sinuses filled with fluid to increase humidity in nasal cavity (warm and humidify the air)

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13
Q

Swelling/ inflammation of the sinus is called ______

A

Sinusitis – swelling/inflammation of one sinus

Pansinusitis – involvement of more than one sinus

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14
Q

Where does the Maxillary Sinus drain into?

A

MAXILLARY OSTIA into the MIDDLE MEATUS

  • the drain is located at the top near the Ethmoid sinus (has to fill to the top before it drains = not best functioning)
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15
Q

What is the space under the concha, which receives the drainage from the paranasal sinuses and lacrimal duct?

A

MEATUS

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16
Q

Where is the semilunar meatus found? Which meatus receives the most drainage?

A

semilunar –> Middle Concha

MOST drainage = Inferior Concha via the Nasolacrimal duct

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17
Q

What is the bulge in the middle meatus under the middle concha called?

A

The ethmoidal bulla

-is a bulge in the meatus which –helps to form the roof of the semilunar hiatus

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18
Q

What is the name of the sinus at the Semilunaris Hiatus?

A

MAXILLARY sinus

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19
Q

What sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

SPHENOID SINUS

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20
Q

What are the three major arteries that provide arterial branches to the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Opthalmic
  2. Facial
  3. Maxillary
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21
Q

What is the blood supply of the LATERAL wall? Medial wall/nasal septum?

A

Lateral wall:

  1. Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries (opthalmic)
  2. Lateral Nasal Artery (of facial)
  3. Sphenopalatine Artery (maxillary)
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22
Q

What is the blood supply of the Medial wall/nasal septum?

A
  1. Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries (opthalmic)
  2. Superior Labial (facial)
  3. Sphenopalatine Artery
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23
Q

What two strictures travel through the incisive canal?

A

Sphenopalatine Artery
&
Nasopalatine N.

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24
Q

Where is the common site of nosebleeds?

A

KIESSELBACH’S area in the NASAL SEPTUM

  • nosebleed due to:
    trauma, infection, dry air, hypertension**
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25
Q

Where and what is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Anastomoses in NASAL SEPTUM (medial wall)

  1. Anterior Ethmoidal (ONLY)
  2. Superior Labial
  3. Sphenopalatine
26
Q

What are the nerves of the Nasal Cavity on the LATERAL wall?

A
  1. Anterior Ethmoidal (V1) - tip of nose
  2. Posterior Ethmoidal (V2)- superior concha and sphenoethmoidal recess
  3. LATERAL NASAL - (V2)–> pterygopalatine ganglion (no synapse)
    - sensory to middle and inferior CONCHA
27
Q

What are the nerves of the Nasal Cavity on the MEDIAL wall?

A
  1. Anterior Ethmoidal (V1)- tip of nose(nares)
  2. Posterior Ethmoidal (V1) - post./sup areas
  3. NASOPALATINE
28
Q

The nasopalatine nerve becomes the _____ nerve and innervates____

A

Incisive nerve –> the skin by the first 4 incisors

29
Q

What is the path of the parasympathetic fibers of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. pre-ganglionic fibers in SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS of CNVII
  2. Greater Petrosal N.
  3. Nerve of Pterygoid Canal
  4. Post-ganglionic fibers in Maxillary N. to the mucosal and paranasal sinuses glands
30
Q

What is the path of the sympathetic fibers of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Pre-ganglionic fibers in thoracic IML
  2. Sympathetic chain
  3. SYNAPSE in the superior cervical ganglion
  4. Post-ganglionics follow blood vessels and nerves (V2)
  5. post-ganglionics in DEEP PETROSAL N. & nerve of pterygoid canal to nasal and mucosal glands (via V2)
31
Q 
What is the
1. roof
2. lateral wall
3. anterior wall
4. medial wall
5. Posterior Wall
6. Floor
of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
What is found exiting each area?
A
  1. Roof = Foramen Rotundum –> Maxillary N. (V2)
  2. Lateral Wall = Pterygomaxillary Fissure –> Sphenopalatine Artery
  3. Anterior Wall = Inferior orbital fissure –> Infraorbital Nerve and Artery
  4. Medial Wall = Sphenopalatine Foramen –>
    - Sphenopalatine Artery
    - Sensory
    - Sympathetic
    - Parasympathetic
  5. Posterior Wall = Pterygoid Canal (carotid canal/lacerum) = Nerve & Artery of the Pterygoid Canal
  6. Floor = Palatine Canal
    - Greater & Lesser Palatine Nerves and Arteries
32
Q

What nerve and artery does most of the lateral and medial wall of the nose?

A

Maxillary Artery & Maxillary N. (V2)

33
Q

_______ stimulation normally increases secretion; ______ stimulation results in vasoconstriction and a subsequent decrease in secretions.

A
  1. Parasympathetic

2. Sympathetic

34
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the sphenopalatine foramen is correct
A; It is locate don the medial wall of the Nasal cavity
B: transmits SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY
C; it is on the lateral wall of pterygopalatine fossa
D: It is an opening in the medial pterygoid plate
E: it provides direct communication

A

B: Transmits the Sphenopalatine Artery

35
Q

The mouth is divided into the oral cavity & the _____

A

Vestibule - space between teeth and tongue

36
Q

the palatoglossal fold is posterior to the palatopharyngeal fold. True or False?

A

FALSE

it is in front of the palatopharyngeal fold

37
Q

What bone forms the anterior 2/3 of hard palate? The posterior 1/3?

A
  1. Maxilla

2. Palatine

38
Q

What is the nerve and blood supply to the heart palate?

A

GREATER PALATINE Nerve (V2) & Artery

  • Incisive Nerve & Artery
39
Q

What division of the trigeminal provides the sensory innervation to the hard palate?

A

Maxillary Division of Trigeminal

V2

40
Q

Do sympathetic and parasympathetics travel to the palatine mucosal glands?

A

YES

  • via the PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION
41
Q

What are the innervations and functions of the following muscles of the soft palate:

  1. Tensor Veli Palatini
  2. Levator Veli Palatini
  3. Musculus Uvulae
  4. Palatoglossus
  5. Palatopharyngeus
A

ALL ARE INNERVATED BY VAGUS

Except: Tensor Veli Palatini –> Trigeminal V3

  1. Tensor VP - tense soft palate (prevent flipping up during swallowing)
  2. Levator VP- Prime mover of palate (elevates)
  3. Musculus Uvulae- Shortens Uvulae
  4. Palatoglossus - Moves tongue + depress arch
  5. Palatopharyngeus - raise pharynx & depress arch
42
Q

What is the nerve and blood supply to the soft palate?

A

Lesser Palatine Nerve & Artery

  • sensory via V2 (Maxillary)
43
Q

What are the functions of the INTRINSIC muscles of the tongue & what are they innervated by?

  1. Vertical
  2. Transverse
  3. Superior Longitudinal
  4. Inferior Longitudinal
A

ALL innovated by 12 HYPOGLOSSAL

  1. Vertical - flattens tongue
  2. Transverse - lifts up tongue/ thickens
  3. Superior Longitudinal - curls tongue UP
  4. Inferior Longitudinal - curls tongue DOWN
44
Q

What are the functions of the EXTRINSIC muscles of the tongue & what are they innervated by?

  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Palatoglossus
A

ALL INNERVATED BY 12

EXCEPT*** –> Palatoglossus = 10

  1. Genioglossus - PROTRUDE tongue (stick out)
  2. Hyoglossus - RETRACT tongue
  3. Styloglossus - SWALLOWING
  4. Palatoglossus - aid in SWALLOWING
45
Q

What 3 things does saliva contain?

A
  1. Alkaline electrolye (moisten food)
  2. Mucous (lubricant)
  3. a-amylase (enzyme to break down starches)
46
Q

Most of the daily secretions are provided by which gland?

A

SUBMANDIBULAR gland

47
Q

What muscle is found posteriorly to Levator Palatini?

A

Salpingo pharyngeus

Tensor is in front by Torus tuberius

48
Q

What artery is deep to the HYOGLOSSUS muscle?

A

Lingual Artery (branch of external carotid)

49
Q

What is the bony process by Tensor Veli Palatini?

A

Pterygoid Hamulus

50
Q

What nerve enters LATERALLY to Hyoglossus muscle and goes UNDER the submandibular Duct?

A

LINGUAL NERVE

  • supplies anterior 2/3 of tongue
51
Q

What nerve enters oral cavity laterally and into the base of the tongue & supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

9

52
Q

What nerve supplies the BASE of the tongue?

A

Vagus –> via the Internal branch of SUPERIOR Laryngeal

53
Q

The greater and lesser palatine nerves contain general sensory, post-ganglionic parasympathetic, and post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

54
Q

What muscle and nerve is responsible for the gag reflex?

A

Palatopharyngeus

12!!

55
Q

What two nerves are SUPERFICIAL to the Hyoglossus muscle?

A

Lingual N. & Hypoglossus N (12)

  • both run LATERAL to hyoglossus muscle

(Lingual artery runs deep and laterally)

56
Q

What supplies taste to the

  1. Anterior 2/3
  2. Posterior 1/3
  3. Base of tongue & epiglottis
A
  1. Chorda Tympani (7 hitches a ride on 5 - Lingual)
  2. Glossopharyngeal nerve (9)
  3. Vagus
57
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation to the tongue

A

chorda tympani –> lingual –> submandibular ganglion –> submandibular gland + sublingual gland

58
Q 
After a radiograph revealed a sialolith (stone) in a patient's right submandibular duct, the surgeon exposed the duct via an intraoral approach. In this approach, what tissues or structures must be cut through? 
 Mucous membrane only
 Mucous membrane and genioglossus muscle
 Mucous membrane and mylohyoid muscle
 Mucous membrane and hyoglossus muscle
A

Mucous membrane only

59
Q 
The difficulty in swallowing was due to involvement of which muscle that elevates the tongue? 
 Genioglossus
 Hyoglossus
 Styloglossus
 Stylohyoid
 Stylopharyngeus
A

Styloglossus

60
Q

The chorda tympani contains which component before it joins the lingual nerve?
Preganglionic sympathetics
Postganglionic sympathetics
Preganglionic parasympathetics
Postganglionic parasympathetics
Taste fibers to the posterior third of the tongue

A

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic

61
Q 
The muscle responsible for raising the floor of the mouth in the early stages of swallowing is the: 
 genioglossus
 geniohyoid
 hyoglossus
 mylohyoid
 palatoglossus
A

Mylohyoid

SHB - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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