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quizzes > THORAX/LUNGS > Flashcards

THORAX/LUNGS Flashcards

1
Q

outer structure of thorax

A

thoracic cage

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2
Q

thoracic cage is constructed of the

A

sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage

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3
Q

the _ or breastbone lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts:

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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4
Q

the _ connects laterally with clavicles ( collar bone) abd first two pair of ribs

A

manubrium

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5
Q

the u-shape identation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as

A

suprasternal notch

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6
Q

sternal angle or

A

angle of louis

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7
Q

is also the location of the second pair of ribs and become reference point for counting ribs and intercostal spaces

A

sternal angle or angle of louis

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8
Q

the first seven ribs articulate with the __ by way of ___ cartilage

A

sternum, costal

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9
Q

ribs _ to _ are easy to count anteriorly

A

2-6

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10
Q

angle between right and left margin meeting at the level of xiphoid process

A

costal angle

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11
Q

are called the floating ribs

A

11nth and 12

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12
Q

the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra C7 also called the

A

vertebra prominens

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13
Q

lower tip of scapula is at thye level of the

A

seventh or eight rib

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14
Q

anterior thorax line

A

midsternal line, right midclavicular line, left midclavicular line

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15
Q

posterior thorax line

A

vertebral line, right scapular line, left scapular line

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16
Q

lateral thorax line

A

midaxillary line, anterior axillary line, posterior axillary line

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17
Q

refers to to a central area in the thoracic activity that contains the trachea and bronchi esophagus heart and great vessels

A

mediastinum

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18
Q

is a flexible structure that lies anterior to the esophagus, begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the neck and is approximately 10-12 cm long in aduklt

A

trachea

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19
Q

what composed the trachea

A

c shape rings of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

they represent dead space in the respiratory system, where air is transported but no gas exchange

A

trachea and bronchi

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20
Q

the ____ main bronchus is shorter and more vertical than the __ main bronchus

A

right, left

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21
Q

the trachea and bronchi are lined with mucus membrane containing

A

cilia

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21
Q

Lungs, the _ of the lungs extends slightly above the clavicle,

A

apex

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22
Q

are two coned shape elastic structures suspended within the thoracic cavity

A

lungs

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22
Q

the bronchi repeatedly bifurcate into smaller passageways known as

A

bronchioles

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23
Q

anteriorly, lung extends approximately to the _ rib

A

6

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23
Q

Lungs, the _ is at the level of the diaphragm

A

base

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24
Q

right lung is made up of how many lobes, also left

A

right 3
left 2

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24
Q

laterally, lung tissue reaches the level of ___ rib

A

8

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24
Q

posteriorly, lungs lie at the _ rib

A

10

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25
Q

LOBE FISSURES
anteriorly, horizontal fissures seperating right upper and middle extends from the ____to ____ intercostal space

A

5th rib , third/fourth

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26
Q

LOBE FISSURES
posteriorly, oblique fissures extend on both the right and left lungs from the level of ____ to the ____ at the midclavicular line.

A

T3, sixth rib

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27
Q

in healthy adult, during deep inspiration, the lings extend down to about the _ interscostal space anteriorly, and _ posteroirly

A

8, 12

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28
Q

the thoracic cavity is lined by a thin double-layered serous membrane referred to as

A

pleura

29
Q

the _ lines with the chest cavity, and the____ covers the external surface of the lungs.

A

pareital, visceral pleura

30
Q

is the mechanical act of breathing and is accomplished by expansion of the chest both vertically and horizontally

A

external respiration or ventillation

31
Q

expanansion in chest is accomplished through contraction of the diaphragm

A

vertical

32
Q

expanison in chest occurs as intercostal muscles lif the sternum and elevate the ribs resulting in an increase in anteroposterior diameter

A

horizontal

33
Q

is mostly passive in nature ad occurs with relaxation of intercistal muscle and the diapragm

A

expiration

34
Q

such involuntary control of respiration is the work of of the ____, located in the brainstem

A

medulla and pons

35
Q

increase in carbon dioxide in blood

A

hypercapnia

36
Q

decrease in oxeygen

A

hypoxemia

37
Q

exaggerated increased rounding of the thoracic spine, often seen with osteoporosis in older women

A

kyphosis

38
Q

lateral s shape curve of spine

A

scoliosis

39
Q

sternum protrudes forward

A

pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)

40
Q

eliptical in shape with an ap diameter smaller than the lateral diameter

A

normal chest config

41
Q

thorax is round in shape, the AP diameter rt

A

barrel chest

42
Q

thorax had depression in the lower sternum and is seen with a congenital condition that can cause murmurs or compress the heart and vessel

A

pectus excavatum ( funnel chest)

43
Q

In cases of ______, a dull sound is heard in the affected lobe.

A

lobe consolidation

44
Q

in _____, the trachea shifts to affected side (ipsilateral)

A

obstructive atelectasis

45
Q

in _______, the trachea shifts in the contralateral side, and breath sounds are absent on affected side

A

pneumothorax

46
Q

in _______, the trachea shifts to other side, and there are absent breath sounds in affected lobe

A

pleural effusion or hemothorax

47
Q

(fluid or blood pooling in pleural cavity)

A

hemothorax

48
Q

in ______, there are prolonged breath sounds and hyperesonance

A

emphysema

49
Q

(ECHO)

A

hyperesonance

50
Q

is the percussion tone elicit over normal lung tissue

A

Resonance

51
Q

percussion elicit____ over breast tissue, heart and liver

A

dullness

52
Q

percussion _____ is detected over the stomach

A

tympany

53
Q

percussion in muscle and bones

A

flatness

54
Q

neck muscle

A

sternomastoid, scalene and trapezius

55
Q

ask the client to whisper the phrase one-two-thee

A

whispered pectoriloquy

56
Q

ask the client to repeat the letter E while u listen to chest waLL

A

egophony

57
Q

ask the client to repeat the phrase ninety-nine while you auscultate the chest wall

A

bronchopony

58
Q

are sounds added or superimposed over normal breath

A

adventitious sounds

59
Q

adventitious lung sounds such as cracles, wheezes

A

formerly rales, rhonchi

59
Q

is a crackling sensation like bones or hair rubbing

A

crepitus aka subcutaneous emphysema

60
Q

SPUTUM COLOR
is often seen in common colds viral infection and bronchitis

A

white

60
Q

sARS

A

severe acure respiratory syndrome

61
Q

SPUTUM COLOR
is often associated with bacterial infection

A

yellow or green

62
Q

SPUTUM COLOR
indicates blood in sputum

A

brown or black

63
Q

SPUTUM COLOR
is associated with TB or pneumococcal pneumonia

A

rust colored

64
Q

blood in sputum

A

hemomptysis

65
Q

SPUTUM COLOR
may be indicative of pulmonary edema

A

Pink, frothy

66
Q

this pain is often squeezing or burning a sharp or tight feeling in the chest as if something is stuck in the throat

A

esphageal

67
Q

a burning sensation with cough may be seen in

A

tracheobronchitis

68
Q

pain caused by inflammation of the parietal pleura is usually described as sharp stabbing pain with increased deep breathing

A

Pleurisy

69
Q

the difficulty breathing when lying supine

A

orthopnea

69
Q

periods of breathing cessation during sleep

A

sleep apnea

70
Q

severe dyspnea that awakes the person from sleep

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

71
Q

difficulty of breathing

A

dyspnea

72
Q

5 A’s

A

ask advice asses assist arrange

73
Q

involuntary control of respiration is the work of

A

medulla and pons

74
Q

involuntary control of respiration in response to emotional changes is the work of

A

hypothalamyus and sympathetic system

quizzes (11 decks)

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