THORAX/LUNGS

Question 1

outer structure of thorax

Answer 1

thoracic cage

Question 2

thoracic cage is constructed of the

Answer 2

sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage

Question 3

the _ or breastbone lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts:

Answer 3

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 4

the _ connects laterally with clavicles ( collar bone) abd first two pair of ribs

Answer 4

manubrium

Question 5

the u-shape identation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as

Answer 5

suprasternal notch

Question 6

sternal angle or

Answer 6

angle of louis

Question 7

is also the location of the second pair of ribs and become reference point for counting ribs and intercostal spaces

Answer 7

sternal angle or angle of louis

Question 8

the first seven ribs articulate with the __ by way of ___ cartilage

Answer 8

sternum, costal

Question 9

ribs _ to _ are easy to count anteriorly

Answer 9

2-6

Question 10

angle between right and left margin meeting at the level of xiphoid process

Answer 10

costal angle

Question 11

are called the floating ribs

Answer 11

11nth and 12

Question 12

the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra C7 also called the

Answer 12

vertebra prominens

Question 13

lower tip of scapula is at thye level of the

Answer 13

seventh or eight rib

Question 14

anterior thorax line

Answer 14

midsternal line, right midclavicular line, left midclavicular line

Question 15

posterior thorax line

Answer 15

vertebral line, right scapular line, left scapular line

Question 16

lateral thorax line

Answer 16

midaxillary line, anterior axillary line, posterior axillary line

Question 17

refers to to a central area in the thoracic activity that contains the trachea and bronchi esophagus heart and great vessels

Answer 17

mediastinum

Question 18

is a flexible structure that lies anterior to the esophagus, begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the neck and is approximately 10-12 cm long in aduklt

Answer 18

trachea

Question 19

what composed the trachea

Answer 19

c shape rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 20

they represent dead space in the respiratory system, where air is transported but no gas exchange

Answer 20

trachea and bronchi

Question 20

the ____ main bronchus is shorter and more vertical than the __ main bronchus

Answer 20

right, left

Question 21

the trachea and bronchi are lined with mucus membrane containing

Answer 21

cilia

Question 21

Lungs, the _ of the lungs extends slightly above the clavicle,

Answer 21

apex

Question 22

are two coned shape elastic structures suspended within the thoracic cavity

Answer 22

lungs

Question 22

the bronchi repeatedly bifurcate into smaller passageways known as

Answer 22

bronchioles

Question 23

anteriorly, lung extends approximately to the _ rib

Answer 23

6

Question 23

Lungs, the _ is at the level of the diaphragm

Answer 23

base

Question 24

right lung is made up of how many lobes, also left

Answer 24

right 3 left 2

Question 24

laterally, lung tissue reaches the level of ___ rib

Answer 24

8

Question 24

posteriorly, lungs lie at the _ rib

Answer 24

10

Question 25

LOBE FISSURES anteriorly, horizontal fissures seperating right upper and middle extends from the ____to ____ intercostal space

Answer 25

5th rib , third/fourth

Question 26

LOBE FISSURES posteriorly, oblique fissures extend on both the right and left lungs from the level of ____ to the ____ at the midclavicular line.

Answer 26

T3, sixth rib

Question 27

in healthy adult, during deep inspiration, the lings extend down to about the _ interscostal space anteriorly, and _ posteroirly

Answer 27

8, 12

Question 28

the thoracic cavity is lined by a thin double-layered serous membrane referred to as

Answer 28

pleura

Question 29

the _ lines with the chest cavity, and the____ covers the external surface of the lungs.

Answer 29

pareital, visceral pleura

Question 30

is the mechanical act of breathing and is accomplished by expansion of the chest both vertically and horizontally

Answer 30

external respiration or ventillation

Question 31

expanansion in chest is accomplished through contraction of the diaphragm

Answer 31

vertical

Question 32

expanison in chest occurs as intercostal muscles lif the sternum and elevate the ribs resulting in an increase in anteroposterior diameter

Answer 32

horizontal

Question 33

is mostly passive in nature ad occurs with relaxation of intercistal muscle and the diapragm

Answer 33

expiration

Question 34

such involuntary control of respiration is the work of of the ____, located in the brainstem

Answer 34

medulla and pons

Question 35

increase in carbon dioxide in blood

Answer 35

hypercapnia

Question 36

decrease in oxeygen

Answer 36

hypoxemia

Question 37

exaggerated increased rounding of the thoracic spine, often seen with osteoporosis in older women

Answer 37

kyphosis

Question 38

lateral s shape curve of spine

Answer 38

scoliosis

Question 39

sternum protrudes forward

Answer 39

pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)

Question 40

eliptical in shape with an ap diameter smaller than the lateral diameter

Answer 40

normal chest config

Question 41

thorax is round in shape, the AP diameter rt

Answer 41

barrel chest

Question 42

thorax had depression in the lower sternum and is seen with a congenital condition that can cause murmurs or compress the heart and vessel

Answer 42

pectus excavatum ( funnel chest)

Question 43

In cases of ______, a dull sound is heard in the affected lobe.

Answer 43

lobe consolidation

Question 44

in _____, the trachea shifts to affected side (ipsilateral)

Answer 44

obstructive atelectasis

Question 45

in _______, the trachea shifts in the contralateral side, and breath sounds are absent on affected side

Answer 45

pneumothorax

Question 46

in _______, the trachea shifts to other side, and there are absent breath sounds in affected lobe

Answer 46

pleural effusion or hemothorax

Question 47

(fluid or blood pooling in pleural cavity)

Answer 47

hemothorax

Question 48

in ______, there are prolonged breath sounds and hyperesonance

Answer 48

emphysema

Question 49

(ECHO)

Answer 49

hyperesonance

Question 50

is the percussion tone elicit over normal lung tissue

Answer 50

Resonance

Question 51

percussion elicit____ over breast tissue, heart and liver

Answer 51

dullness

Question 52

percussion _____ is detected over the stomach

Answer 52

tympany

Question 53

percussion in muscle and bones

Answer 53

flatness

Question 54

neck muscle

Answer 54

sternomastoid, scalene and trapezius

Question 55

ask the client to whisper the phrase one-two-thee

Answer 55

whispered pectoriloquy

Question 56

ask the client to repeat the letter E while u listen to chest waLL

Answer 56

egophony

Question 57

ask the client to repeat the phrase ninety-nine while you auscultate the chest wall

Answer 57

bronchopony

Question 58

are sounds added or superimposed over normal breath

Answer 58

adventitious sounds

Question 59

adventitious lung sounds such as cracles, wheezes

Answer 59

formerly rales, rhonchi

Question 59

is a crackling sensation like bones or hair rubbing

Answer 59

crepitus aka subcutaneous emphysema

Question 60

SPUTUM COLOR is often seen in common colds viral infection and bronchitis

Answer 60

white

Question 60

sARS

Answer 60

severe acure respiratory syndrome

Question 61

SPUTUM COLOR is often associated with bacterial infection

Answer 61

yellow or green

Question 62

SPUTUM COLOR indicates blood in sputum

Answer 62

brown or black

Question 63

SPUTUM COLOR is associated with TB or pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 63

rust colored

Question 64

blood in sputum

Answer 64

hemomptysis

Question 65

SPUTUM COLOR may be indicative of pulmonary edema

Answer 65

Pink, frothy

Question 66

this pain is often squeezing or burning a sharp or tight feeling in the chest as if something is stuck in the throat

Answer 66

esphageal

Question 67

a burning sensation with cough may be seen in

Answer 67

tracheobronchitis

Question 68

pain caused by inflammation of the parietal pleura is usually described as sharp stabbing pain with increased deep breathing

Answer 68

Pleurisy

Question 69

the difficulty breathing when lying supine

Answer 69

orthopnea

Question 69

periods of breathing cessation during sleep

Answer 69

sleep apnea

Question 70

severe dyspnea that awakes the person from sleep

Answer 70

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 71

difficulty of breathing

Answer 71

dyspnea

Question 72

5 A's

Answer 72

ask advice asses assist arrange

Question 73

involuntary control of respiration is the work of

Answer 73

medulla and pons

Question 74

involuntary control of respiration in response to emotional changes is the work of

Answer 74

hypothalamyus and sympathetic system