Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

quizzes > HEART AND NECK VESSELS > Flashcards

HEART AND NECK VESSELS Flashcards

1
Q

o a highly complex system that includes the heart
and a closed system of blood vessels.

A

Cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart located in the middle of the thoracic cavity
between the lungs in the space called the

A

mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Heart extends vertically from the ___ intercostal space (ICS) and horizontally
    from the
A

left second to the left fifth

right edge of the sternum to the left
midclavicular line (MCL).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Heart inverted
A

cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Heart The upper portion, near the left second
    ICS, is the
A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Heart The lower portion, near the left fifth ICS
    and the left MCL, is the
A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • the anterior chest area that overlies the heart
    and great vessels
A

Precordium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ___ side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas
exchange (pulmonary circulation);

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the ___ side of the
heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body (systemic
circulation).

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the left side of the
heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body

A

(systemic
circulation).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas
exchange

A

(pulmonary circulation);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • large veins and arteries leading directly to
    and away from the heart
A

Great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • exits the right ventricle, bifurcates, and
    carries blood to the lungs
A

Pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • return blood to the right
    atrium from the upper and lower torso respectively
A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • (two from each lung) return oxygenated
    blood to the left atrium
A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
    to the body
A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • right and left sides of the heart are separated by
    a partition.
A

Septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heart consists of four chambers or cavities:

two upper chambers,

A

the right and left atria, and

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Heart consists of four chambers or cavities:

two lower chambers,

A

the right and left
ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ___ ventricle is thicker than the ____ ventricle because of the heart has a greater workload.

A

LEFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

o located at the entrance into the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

o Collagen fibers, anchor the AV valve flaps to
papillary muscles within the ventricles

A

Chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

o located at the beginning of the ascending aorta as
it exits the left ventricle.

A
  • Aortic valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

▪ composed of three cusps or flaps and is
located between the right atrium and the
right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

▪ composed of two cusps or flaps and is
located between the left atrium and the
left ventricle

A

▪ composed of two cusps or flaps and is
located between the left atrium and the
left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

o located at the exit of each ventricle at the
beginning of the great vessels.

A
  • Semilunar valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

o located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery as
it exits the right ventricle and the

A
  • Pulmonic valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Semilunar
These valves are _ during ventricular contraction and
___ from the pressure of blood when the ventricles relax.

A

open, close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

o tough, inextensible, loose-fitting, fibroserous sac
that attaches to the great vessels and, thereby,
surrounds the heart.

A
  • Pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

o A serous membrane lining
o secretes a small amount of pericardial fluid that
allows for smooth, friction-free movement of the
heart

A
  • Parietal pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

same type of serous membrane covers the outer
surface of the heart

A
  • Epicardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

o thickest layer of the heart
o made up of contractile cardiac muscle cells

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

o Thin layer of endothelial tissue that forms the
innermost layer of the heart and is continuous with

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

o located on the posterior wall of the right atrium
near the junction of the superior and inferior vena
cava

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node (or sinus node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node (or sinus node)

with inherent rhythmicity, generates impulses (at a
rate of ____per minute) that are conducted
over both atria, causing them to contract
simultaneously and send blood into the ventricles.

A

60 to 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

AV node located in the

A

lower interatrial
septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The electrical impulse then travels down the right and left
bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers in the
myocardium of both ventricles, causing them to contract
almost simultaneously.

A
36
Q

Although the SA node functions as the

A

“pacemaker of the
heart,”

37
Q

Bundle of His (with an inherent
discharge of ____ per minute),

A

40 to 60

37
Q

Electrical impulses, , which are generated by the ___ node
and travel throughout the cardiac conduction circuit, can be
detected on the surface of the skin.

A

SA

38
Q

Electrical impulses, This electrical activity can be measured and recorded by

A

electrocardiography (ECG, aka EKG)

39
Q

o records the depolarization and repolarization of
the cardiac muscle

A

electrocardiography (ECG, aka EKG)

40
Q

the phases of the ECG are known as

A

P, Q, R, S,
and T.

41
Q

– Atrial depolarization; conduction of the impulse
throughout the atria.

A

P wave

42
Q

– Time from the beginning of the atrial
depolarization to the beginning of ventricular
depolarization, that is, from the beginning of the P wave to
the beginning of the QRS complex.

A

–PR interval

43
Q

Ventricular depolarization (also atrial
repolarization); conduction of the impulse throughout the
ventricles, which then triggers contraction of the ventricles;
measured from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of
the S wave.

A

QRS complex

43
Q

– Period between ventricular depolarization
and the beginning of ventricular repolarization. T wave –
Ventricular repolarization; the ventricles return to a resting

A

ST segment –

44
Q

– Total time for ventricular
depolarization and repolarization, that is, from the
beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave; the QT
interval varies with heart rate.

A

QT interval

45
Q

May or may not be present; if present, it follows
the T wave and represents the final phase of ventricular
repolarization.

A

U wave.

46
Q

refers to the filling and emptying of the
heart’s chambers.

A
  • Cardiac cycle
47
Q

(relaxation of the ventricles, known as
filling)

A

Diastole

48
Q

(contraction of the ventricles, known as
emptying).

A

Systole

49
Q

Diastole endures for approximately ____ of

the cardiac cycle and systole is the remaining ____

A

two-thirds

one-
third.

50
Q

o early, rapid, passive filling

A
  • Early or Protodiastolic filling
51
Q

Closure of the ___ valves produces the first heart sound
(S1), which is the beginning of systole.

A

AV

51
Q

o final active filling phase is
o “atrial kick.”
o this action raises left ventricular pressure.

A

Presystole, atrial systole

52
Q

Heart sounds are produced by

A

valve closure

52
Q

The ____ of valves is silent.

A

opening

53
Q

Normal heart sounds, characterized as____ (S1 and
S2).

A

“lub dubb”

53
Q

the AV valves
This valve
closure also prevents blood from flowing backward (a
process known as ____) into the atria during
ventricular contraction.

A

regurgitation

54
Q

correlates with the beginning of systole
First heart sound

A

(S1)

55
Q

S1 (“lub”) is usually heard as one sound but may
be heard as two sounds. If heard as two sounds,
the first component represents ___ closure
(), and the second component represents
______

A

Mitral valce
tricuspid closure (T1).

56
Q

results from closure of the semilunar valves (aortic
and pulmonic) and correlates with the beginning of
diastole.

A

Second heart sound (S2)

57
Q

If S2 is heard as two sounds, the first component
represents ___valve closure and the
second component represents ____ valve
closure

A

aortic , pulmonic

58
Q

A2 occurs first because of increased pressure on
the left side of the heart and because of the route
of .

A

myocardial depolarization

59
Q

referred to as diastolic filling sounds or extra
heart sounds, which result from ventricular
vibration secondary to rapid ventricular filling.

A

S3 and S4

60
Q

S3 is often termed

A

ventricular gallop,

61
Q

S4 is called

A

atrial gallop.

62
Q

the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles
during a given period of time (usually 1 min)

A
  • Cardiac output (CO)
63
Q

The normal
adult cardiac output is ___

A

5 to 6 L/min.

64
Q

The degree of stretch of the heart muscle up to
a critical length before contraction

A

(preload);

64
Q

amount of blood pumped from the heart with each
contraction

A

Stroke volume

65
Q

(stroke volume from the left ventricle is
usually ___ mL).

A

70

66
Q

The pressure against which the heart muscle
has to eject blood during contraction

A

(afterload);

67
Q

the vessels of the neck: the

A

carotid artery and
the jugular veins.

67
Q

____ veins return blood to the heart from the head
and neck by way of the superior vena cava.

A

jugular

68
Q

Two sets of jugular veins

▪ lie deep and medial to the
sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

o internal jugular veins

69
Q

Two sets of jugular veins

▪ more superficial; they lie lateral to the
sternocleidomastoid muscle and above
the clavicle.

A

o external jugular veins

70
Q
  • Components of the jugular venous pulse follow:

—reflects rise in atrial pressure that occurs
with atrial contraction

A

a wave

71
Q
  • Components of the jugular venous pulse follow:

—reflects right atrial relaxation and
descent of the atrial floor during ventricular systole

A

x descent

72
Q
  • Components of the jugular venous pulse follow:

—reflects right atrial filling, increased
volume, and increased atrial pressure

A

v wave

73
Q

Traditional Areas of Auscultation

second intercostal space at the right
sternal border—the base of the heart

A

Aortic area

73
Q
  • Components of the jugular venous pulse follow:

—reflects right atrial emptying into the
right ventricle and decreased atrial pressure

A

y descent

74
Q

Traditional Areas of Auscultation

– third to fifth intercostal space at the left
sternal border

A

Erb’s point

75
Q

Traditional Areas of Auscultation

– second or third intercostal space at
the left sternal border—the base of the heart

A

Pulmonic area

76
Q

Traditional Areas of Auscultation

– fifth intercostal space near the left
mid-clavicular line—the apex of the heart

A
  • Mitral (apical) –
77
Q

Traditional Areas of Auscultation

– fourth or fifth intercostal space at
the left lower sternal border

A

Tricuspid area

78
Q

(cardiac chest pain)
▪ a sensation of squeezing around the
heart; a steady, severe pain; and a sense
of pressure.
▪ radiate to the left shoulder and down the
left arm or to the jaw.

A

Angina

79
Q

Dizziness may indicate decreased blood flow to
the brain due to

A

myocardial damage

80
Q

(the inability to breathe while supine)

A

Orthopnea

80
Q

▪ develops after exposure to group A beta-
hemolytic streptococci

▪ results in inflammation of all layers of the
heart, impairing contraction and valvular
function.

A

Rheumatic carditis

quizzes (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions