PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
o blood vessels that carry oxygenated, nutrient rich
blood from the heart to the capillaries.
- Arteries
o arterial network is a ____-pressure system.
high
The superficial and deep ___ provide extra
protection against arterial occlusion to the hands and
fingers
palmar arches
o Surge of blood
Arterial Pulse
o major artery that supplies the arm.
o can be palpated medial to the biceps tendon in and
above the bend of the elbow
- Brachial artery
- (extending down the little finger side of the
arm) - located on the medial aspect of the wrist, is a
deeper pulse and may not be easily palpated.
o Ulnar artery
- (extending down the thumb side of the arm)
- Can be palpated on the lateral aspect of the
wrist
Radial artery
* (extending
The artery divides below the knee into anterior
and posterior branches.
popliteal
o major supplier of blood to the legs. Its pulse can be
palpated just under the inguinal ligament.
- Femoral artery
Femoral artery travels down the front of the thigh then crosses to the
back of the thigh, where it is termed the
popliteal
artery
can be palpated behind the knee.
Popliteal pulse
o anterior branch descends down the top of the foot
o pulse can be palpated on the great toe side of the
top of the foot.
Dorsalis pedis artery
o Posterior branch
o pulse can be palpated behind the medial malleolus
of the ankle.
Posterior tibial artery
Veins are _ in diameter than arteries
larger
o blood vessels that carry deoxygenated, nutrient-
depleted, waste-laden blood from the tissues back to
the heart.
- Veins
The veins contain nearly ___% of the body’s blood volume.
70
Three types of veins:
o deep veins
o superficial veins
o perforator (or communicator) veins
Two deep veins in the leg are the femoral vein in the upper
thigh and the popliteal vein located behind the knee.
These veins account for about __% of venous return from
the lower extremities.
90
is the longest of all veins
and extends from the medial dorsal aspect of the
foot, crosses over the medial malleolus, and
continues across the thigh to the medial aspect of
the groin, where it joins the femoral vein.
Great saphenous vein
Three mechanisms of venous function help to propel
blood back to the heart
: structure of veins
1st mechanism
Three mechanisms of venous function help to propel
blood back to the heart
muscular contraction
2nd mechanism:
Three mechanisms of venous function help to propel
blood back to the heart
creation of a pressure gradient
through the act of breathing.
3rd mechanism:
Three mechanisms of venous function help to propel
blood back to the heart
- If there is a problem with any of these mechanisms, venous
return is impeded and ___ results.
venous stasis
(tortuous
and dilated) veins,
varicose
o are small blood vessels that form the connection
between the arterioles and venules and allow the
circulatory system to maintain the vital equilibrium
between the vascular and interstitial spaces.
- Capillaries
(generated by the blood pressure) is the
primary mechanism by which the interstitial fluid diffuses
out of the capillaries and enters the tissue space.
- Hydrostatic force
primary function is to drain excess fluid and plasma
proteins from bodily tissues and return them to the
venous system.
Lymphatic system
o capillaries join to form larger vessels that pass
through filters
- Lymph nodes
After the lymph is filtered, it travels to either the ____ (which drains the upper right side of the
body)
right
lymphatic duct
(which drains the rest of the
body) then back into the venous system through the
subclavian veins.
thoracic duct
thoracic duct then back into the venous system through the
subclavian veins.
This unique filtering feature of the lymph nodes allows the
lymphatic system to perform a ____ function as a major
part of the immune system defending the body against
microorganisms.
second
A third function of the lymphatic system
is to
absorb fats (lipids) from the small intestine into the
bloodstream.
o located approximately 3 cm above the elbow on the
inner (medial) aspect of the arm.
o drain the lower arm and hand. Lymph from the
remainder of the arm and hand drains to the axillary
lymph nodes
- Epitrochlear nodes
Superficial inguinal nodes
o consist of two groups:
o located on the anterior thigh just under
the inguinal ligament
- horizontal chain
- These nodes drain the legs, external genitalia,
and lower abdomen and buttocks.
Superficial inguinal nodes
Superficial inguinal nodes
o consist of two groups:
o located close to the great saphenous
vein
- vertical chain
(swelling) results from an
obstruction of the lymphatic flow or from venous
insufficiency from such conditions as incompetent
valves or decreased osmotic pressure in the
capillaries.
Peripheral edema
aortoiliac occlusion
(Leriche’s syndrome).
a vascular disorder caused by
vasoconstriction or vasospasm of the fingers
or toes, is characterized by rapid changes of
color (pallor, cyanosis, and redness), swelling,
pain, numbness, tingling, burning, throbbing,
and coldness
o Raynaud’s disease
this test evaluates patency
of the radial or ulnar arteries.
The Allen
Lymph nodes larger than 2 cm with or without
tenderness
(lymphadenopathy)
If the client has varicose veins,
perform_____ to assess the competence of
the vein’s valves.
Manual compression test.
If the client has varicose veins,
perform the ____ test to determine the
competence of the saphenous vein valves and the
retrograde (backward) filling of the superficial veins.
Trendelenburg test.
Pitting, documented as:
* 1+=
* 2+=
* 3+=
* 4+=
slight pitting
deeper than 1+
noticeably
deep pit; extremity
looks larger
very deep pit; gross edema in extremity
