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mobility Flashcards

1
Q

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
(NANDA) Conference, the diagnosis____ was approved, underscoring the role of exercise and activity as an essential component of health.

A

Sedentary Lifestyle

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2
Q

objectives pertain to exercise and activity.

A

Many Healthy People 2020 (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2013)

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3
Q

refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation. It includes (a) activities of daily
living (ADLs) that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, shopping, eating, working, and home maintenance,
and (b) the type, quality, and quantity of exercise, including sports.

A

activity-exercise pattern r

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4
Q

the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and
purposefully in the environment, is an essential part of living

A

Mobility

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5
Q

(the foundation on which the
body rests)

A

base of support

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6
Q

(an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity)

A

line of gravity

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7
Q

(the point at which all of the body’s mass is
centered)

A

center of gravity

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8
Q

The extensor muscles, often referred to as the _____ , carry the major load as they
keep the body uprigh

A

antigravity muscles

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9
Q

are the functional units of the musculoskeletal system

A

Joints

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10
Q

The ____ muscles are stronger than the ____ muscles.

A

flexor>extensor

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11
Q

. Thus, when a person is inactive, the joints are pulled into
a ____ position.

A

flexed (bent)

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12
Q

___ of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.

A

The range of motion (ROM)

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13
Q

The mechanisms involved in maintaining balance and posture are complex and involve informational inputs from the labyrinth __ , from vision___, and from stretch receptors of muscles and tendons

A

(inner
ear)

(vestibulo-ocular input),|

(vestibulospinal input).

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14
Q

The labyrinth consists of the

A

cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.

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15
Q

The cochlea is concerned with ____ , and the vestibule and semicircular canals with ______ .

A

hearing

equilibrium

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16
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Decreasing the angle of the joint (e.g.,
bending the elbow)

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Under normal conditions the equilibrium receptors in the
semicircular canals and vestibule, collectively called the ____ , send signals to the brain that initiate reflexes needed to
make required changes in position.

A

vestibular
apparatus

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17
Q

Information from these balance receptors goes directly to reflex centers in the ____ rather than to the
cerebral cortex as with other special senses

A

brainstem

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18
Q

is the term used to
describe awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects
in relation to the body

A

Proprioception

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19
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Increasing the angle of the joint (e.g.,
straightening the arm at the elbow)

A

Extension

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20
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Further extension or straightening of a joint
(e.g., bending the head backward)

A

Hyperextension

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21
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the bone away from the
midline of the body

A

Abduction

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22
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the bone toward the midline
of the body

A

Adduction

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23
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Turning the sole of the foot outward by
moving the ankle joint

A

Eversion

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23
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the bone around its
central axis

A

Rotation

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24
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the distal part of the bone in a
circle while the proximal end remains fixed

A

Circumduction

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25
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the
palm of the hand faces upward when held in
front of the body

A

Supination

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25
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving
the ankle joint

A

Inversion

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26
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the
palm of the hand faces downward when
held in front of the body

A

Pronation

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27
Q

Types of Joint Movements

A

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Eversion
Inversion
Pronation
Supination

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28
Q

Balanced, smooth, purposeful movement is the result of proper
functioning of the

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.

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29
Q

The
____ initiates voluntary motor activity

A

cerebral cortex

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30
Q

the _____ coordinates the motor activities of movement,

A

cerebellum

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31
Q

the _____ maintain posture

A

basal ganglia

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32
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING BODY
ALIGNMENT AND ACTIVITY

A

These include growth and development,
nutrition, personal values and attitudes, certain external factors, and
prescribed limitations.

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33
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

NECK—

A

PIVOT JOINT

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34
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

SHOULDER—

A

BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT

35
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

ELBOW—

A

HINGE JOINT

36
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

WRIST—

A

CONDYLOID JOINT

37
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

HAND AND FINGERS:

A

METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS—
CONDYLOID; INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE

38
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

THUMB—

A

SADDLE JOIN

39
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

HIP—

A

BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT

40
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

KNEE—

A

HINGE JOINT

41
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

ANKLE—

A

HINGE JOINT

42
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

TRUNK—

A

GLIDING JOINT

43
Q

Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement

TOES:

A

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE;
METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE;
INTERTARSAL JOINTS—GLIDING

44
Q

is a condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium
depletion

A

Osteoporosis

45
Q

(the FIT model)

A

frequency of the activity, intensity, and time

46
Q

is another goal of exercise, and is defined as
the ability of the body to perform work

A

Functional strength

47
Q

Types of Exercise

are those in which
muscle contraction occurs without moving the joint (muscle length
does not change).

A

Isometric (static or setting) exercises

48
Q

Types of Exercise

are those in which the muscle
shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. Most
physical conditioning exercises—running, walking, swimming, cycling, and other such activities—

A

Isotonic (dynamic) exercises

49
Q

is the
type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform
without experiencing adverse effects.

A

Activity tolerance

50
Q

Types of Exercise

involve muscle contraction
or tension against resistance

A

Isokinetic (resistive) exercises

51
Q

Types of Exercise

is activity during which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity

A

Aerobic exercise

52
Q

Types of Exercise

involves activity in which the muscles
cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time.
This type of exercise is used in endurance training for athletes such as
weight lifting and sprinting.

A

Anaerobic exercise

53
Q

Intensity of exercise can be measured in three ways:

A

Target heart rate, . Talk test, . Borg scale of perceived exertion

54
Q

Benefits of Exercise

A

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
METABOLIC/ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM
IMMUNE SYSTEM
PSYCHONEUROLOGIC SYSTEM

COGNITIVE FUNCTION
SPIRITUAL HEALTH

55
Q

paralyzed (_____),

A

paresis

56
Q

(with too much muscle tone)

A

spastic

57
Q

(permanent shortening of the muscle)

A

a contracture

57
Q

(without muscle tone)

A

flaccid

58
Q

(permanently
immobile)

A

ankylosed

59
Q

(a clot that is
loosely attached to an inflamed vein wall):

A

thrombophlebitis

59
Q

refers to holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis.

A

Valsalva maneuver

60
Q

(clot)

A

thrombus

61
Q

(an object that has moved from its place of origin, causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere).

A

embolus

62
Q

(the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung)

A

atelectasis

63
Q

____ rate is the minimal energy expended for the maintenance of these processes, expressed
in calories per hour per square meter of body surface

A

The basal metabolic

64
Q

protein synthesis

A

(anabolism)

65
Q

protein breakdown

A

(catabolism).

66
Q

Loss of appetite

A

(anorexia)

67
Q

renal____(stones).

A

calculi

68
Q

(accumulation of urine in the bladder),

A

urinary retention

69
Q

(involuntary urination).

A

urinary incontinence

70
Q

The normally sterile urinary tract may be
contaminated by improper perineal care, the use of an indwelling urinary catheter, or occasionally_______ (backward
flow)

A

urinary reflux

71
Q

(an exaggerated anterior/inward curvature of the
lumbar spine)

A

lordosis

72
Q

(walk

A

gait

73
Q

Two
phases of normal gait are

A

swing and stance

74
Q

(the number of steps taken per
minute)

A

pace

75
Q

A normal walking
pace is ____ steps per minute

A

70 to 100

76
Q

(palpable or audible crackling or grating sensation
produced by joint motion and frequently experienced in joints
that have suffered repeated trauma over time).

A

Crepitation

77
Q

. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance.
Levels include

Walks regular pace on level ground but becomes more
short of breath than normal when climbing one or more flights
of stairs.

A

Level I:

78
Q

. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance.
Levels include

Walks one city block or 500 feet on level ground or climbs
one flight of stairs slowly without stopping

A

Level II

79
Q

. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance.
Levels include

Walks no more than 50 feet on level ground without
stopping and is unable to climb one flight of stairs without
stopping.

A

Level III:

80
Q

. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance.
Levels include

Dyspnea and fatigue at rest.

A

Level IV

81
Q

is a technique in which the body is turned in a way that
avoids twisting of the spine.

A

Pivoting

82
Q

____ position, the client sits either in bed or on the
side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap

A

orthopneic

83
Q

(the act of walking)

A

Ambulation

84
Q

Mechanical aids for ambulation include

A

canes, walkers, and crutches.

85
Q

are mechanical devices for ambulatory clients who need
more support than a cane provides and lack the strength and balance required for crutches

A

Wwalkers\

quizzes (11 decks)

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