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mobility Flashcards

1
Q

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
(NANDA) Conference, the diagnosis____ was approved, underscoring the role of exercise and activity as an essential component of health.

A

Sedentary Lifestyle

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2
Q

objectives pertain to exercise and activity.

A

Many Healthy People 2020 (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2013)

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3
Q

refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation. It includes (a) activities of daily
living (ADLs) that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, shopping, eating, working, and home maintenance,
and (b) the type, quality, and quantity of exercise, including sports.

A

activity-exercise pattern r

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4
Q

the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and
purposefully in the environment, is an essential part of living

A

Mobility

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5
Q

(the foundation on which the
body rests)

A

base of support

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6
Q

(an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity)

A

line of gravity

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7
Q

(the point at which all of the body’s mass is
centered)

A

center of gravity

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8
Q

The extensor muscles, often referred to as the _____ , carry the major load as they
keep the body uprigh

A

antigravity muscles

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9
Q

are the functional units of the musculoskeletal system

A

Joints

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10
Q

The ____ muscles are stronger than the ____ muscles.

A

flexor>extensor

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11
Q

. Thus, when a person is inactive, the joints are pulled into
a ____ position.

A

flexed (bent)

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12
Q

___ of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.

A

The range of motion (ROM)

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13
Q

The mechanisms involved in maintaining balance and posture are complex and involve informational inputs from the labyrinth __ , from vision___, and from stretch receptors of muscles and tendons

A

(inner
ear)

(vestibulo-ocular input),|

(vestibulospinal input).

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14
Q

The labyrinth consists of the

A

cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.

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15
Q

The cochlea is concerned with ____ , and the vestibule and semicircular canals with ______ .

A

hearing

equilibrium

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16
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Decreasing the angle of the joint (e.g.,
bending the elbow)

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Under normal conditions the equilibrium receptors in the
semicircular canals and vestibule, collectively called the ____ , send signals to the brain that initiate reflexes needed to
make required changes in position.

A

vestibular
apparatus

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17
Q

Information from these balance receptors goes directly to reflex centers in the ____ rather than to the
cerebral cortex as with other special senses

A

brainstem

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18
Q

is the term used to
describe awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects
in relation to the body

A

Proprioception

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19
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Increasing the angle of the joint (e.g.,
straightening the arm at the elbow)

A

Extension

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20
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Further extension or straightening of a joint
(e.g., bending the head backward)

A

Hyperextension

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21
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the bone away from the
midline of the body

A

Abduction

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22
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Movement of the bone toward the midline
of the body

A

Adduction

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23
Q

Types of Joint Movements

Turning the sole of the foot outward by
moving the ankle joint

A

Eversion

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23
Types of Joint Movements Movement of the bone around its central axis
Rotation
24
Types of Joint Movements Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
Circumduction
25
Types of Joint Movements Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body
Supination
25
Types of Joint Movements Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
Inversion
26
Types of Joint Movements Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body
Pronation
27
Types of Joint Movements
Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Eversion Inversion Pronation Supination
28
Balanced, smooth, purposeful movement is the result of proper functioning of the
cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.
29
The ____ initiates voluntary motor activity
cerebral cortex
30
the _____ coordinates the motor activities of movement,
cerebellum
31
the _____ maintain posture
basal ganglia
32
FACTORS AFFECTING BODY ALIGNMENT AND ACTIVITY
These include growth and development, nutrition, personal values and attitudes, certain external factors, and prescribed limitations.
33
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement NECK—
PIVOT JOINT
34
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement SHOULDER—
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
35
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement ELBOW—
HINGE JOINT
36
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement WRIST—
CONDYLOID JOINT
37
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement HAND AND FINGERS:
METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS— CONDYLOID; INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE
38
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement THUMB—
SADDLE JOIN
39
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement HIP—
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
40
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement KNEE—
HINGE JOINT
41
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement ANKLE—
HINGE JOINT
42
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement TRUNK—
GLIDING JOINT
43
Body Part—Type of Joint/Movement TOES:
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS—HINGE; INTERTARSAL JOINTS—GLIDING
44
is a condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion
Osteoporosis
45
(the FIT model)
frequency of the activity, intensity, and time
46
is another goal of exercise, and is defined as the ability of the body to perform work
Functional strength
47
Types of Exercise are those in which muscle contraction occurs without moving the joint (muscle length does not change).
Isometric (static or setting) exercises
48
Types of Exercise are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. Most physical conditioning exercises—running, walking, swimming, cycling, and other such activities—
Isotonic (dynamic) exercises
49
is the type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects.
Activity tolerance
50
Types of Exercise involve muscle contraction or tension against resistance
Isokinetic (resistive) exercises
51
Types of Exercise is activity during which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity
Aerobic exercise
52
Types of Exercise involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time. This type of exercise is used in endurance training for athletes such as weight lifting and sprinting.
Anaerobic exercise
53
Intensity of exercise can be measured in three ways:
Target heart rate, . Talk test, . Borg scale of perceived exertion
54
Benefits of Exercise
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM METABOLIC/ENDOCRINE SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEM PSYCHONEUROLOGIC SYSTEM COGNITIVE FUNCTION SPIRITUAL HEALTH
55
paralyzed (_____),
paresis
56
(with too much muscle tone)
spastic
57
(permanent shortening of the muscle)
a contracture
57
(without muscle tone)
flaccid
58
(permanently immobile)
ankylosed
59
(a clot that is loosely attached to an inflamed vein wall):
thrombophlebitis
59
refers to holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis.
Valsalva maneuver
60
(clot)
thrombus
61
(an object that has moved from its place of origin, causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere).
embolus
62
(the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung)
atelectasis
63
____ rate is the minimal energy expended for the maintenance of these processes, expressed in calories per hour per square meter of body surface
The basal metabolic
64
protein synthesis
(anabolism)
65
protein breakdown
(catabolism).
66
Loss of appetite
(anorexia)
67
renal____(stones).
calculi
68
(accumulation of urine in the bladder),
urinary retention
69
(involuntary urination).
urinary incontinence
70
The normally sterile urinary tract may be contaminated by improper perineal care, the use of an indwelling urinary catheter, or occasionally_______ (backward flow)
urinary reflux
71
(an exaggerated anterior/inward curvature of the lumbar spine)
lordosis
72
(walk
gait
73
Two phases of normal gait are
swing and stance
74
(the number of steps taken per minute)
pace
75
A normal walking pace is ____ steps per minute
70 to 100
76
(palpable or audible crackling or grating sensation produced by joint motion and frequently experienced in joints that have suffered repeated trauma over time).
Crepitation
77
. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance. Levels include Walks regular pace on level ground but becomes more short of breath than normal when climbing one or more flights of stairs.
Level I:
78
. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance. Levels include Walks one city block or 500 feet on level ground or climbs one flight of stairs slowly without stopping
Level II
79
. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance. Levels include Walks no more than 50 feet on level ground without stopping and is unable to climb one flight of stairs without stopping.
Level III:
80
. Wilkinson (2014) suggests specifying the level of endurance. Levels include Dyspnea and fatigue at rest.
Level IV
81
is a technique in which the body is turned in a way that avoids twisting of the spine.
Pivoting
82
____ position, the client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap
orthopneic
83
(the act of walking)
Ambulation
84
Mechanical aids for ambulation include
canes, walkers, and crutches.
85
are mechanical devices for ambulatory clients who need more support than a cane provides and lack the strength and balance required for crutches
Wwalkers\

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