abdomen

Question 1

abdominal contents are enclosed externally by the

Answer 1

abdominal wall musculature.

Question 2

Three Layers of Muscle

Answer 2

o External abdominal oblique
* Outermost layer
o Internal abdominal oblique
* Middle layer
o Transverse abdominis
* Innermost layer

Question 3

o Connective tissue from these muscles extends
forward to encase a vertical muscle of the
anterior abdominal wall.

Answer 3

• Rectus Abdominis

Question 4

joining of these muscle fibers and aponeuroses
at the midline of the abdomen forms a white line,
which extends vertically from the xiphoid
process of the sternum to the symphysis pubis.

Answer 4

• Linea alba

Question 5

o connective tissue which provides strength to the
abdominal wall

Answer 5

• Aponeuroses

Question 6

• Organs that maintain their shape consistently

Answer 6

SOLID VISCERA

Question 7

– thin, shiny, serous membrane

Answer 7

Peritoneum

Question 8

• structures that change shape depending on their contents

Answer 8

HOLLOW VISCERA

Question 9

– condition of having gallstones

Answer 9

Cholelithiasis

Question 9

TYPES OF PAIN:

PAIN –localized and more severe
and steady pain.

Answer 9

PARETIAL PAIN

Question 10

– obstruction in the common bile
duct

Answer 10

Malabsorption of fat (Malabsorption
syndrome)

Question 10

– inflamed gallbladder

Answer 10

Cholecystolithiasis

Question 11

TYPES OF PAIN:
–characterized as dull,
aching, burning, cramping or colicky.

Answer 11

VISCERAL PAIN

Question 11

– fatty stool

Answer 11

Steatorrhea

Question 12

TYPES OF PAIN:

– occurs at distant sites

Answer 12

REFERRED PAIN

Question 13

(pyrosis),

Answer 13

Indigestion

Question 14

– “ravenous appetite”

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

– outpouching of the intestinal
walls

Answer 15

Diverticulosi

Question 15

– inflammation of pouches that
forms in the intestine

Answer 15

Diverticulitis

Question 15

Bloody and mucoid stools are associated with
inflammatory bowel diseases

Answer 15

(e.g., ulcerative
colitis, Crohn’s disease);

Question 16

– kidney inflammation

Answer 16

nephritis

Question 17

clay-colored, fatty
stools may be from .

Answer 17

malabsorption syndromes

Question 18

– kidney stones

Answer 18

Urolithiasis

Question 19

6 F’s - major causes of abdominal distention

Answer 19

(Fat,
feces, fetus, fibroids, flatulence, and fluid)

Question 20

• protrusion of the bowel through the
  abdominal wall

Answer 20

Hernia

Question 21

(low-pitched, murmur like sound ) over the
abdominal aorta and renal, iliac, and femoral
arteries
o “Whooshing sound”

Answer 21

Bruits

Question 22

o Hard stools in the colon
appear as a localized
distention. Percussion
over the area discloses
dullness.

Answer 22

• Feces

Question 23

o Obesity accounts for
most uniformly
protuberant abdomens.
The abdominal wall is
thick and tympany is the
percussion tone elicited.
The umbilicus usually
appears sunken.

Answer 23

• Fat

Question 24

o A large ovarian cyst or
fibroid tumor appears as
generalized distention in
the lower abdomen.
o The mass displaces
bowel, and, thus, the
percussion tone over the
distended area is
dullness with tympany at the periphery. The
umbilicus may be everted.

Answer 24

Fibroids and Other Masses

Question 25

o The abdomen distended with gas may appear as
a generalized protuberance (as shown), or it may
appear more localized. Tympany is the percussion
tone over the area.

Answer 25

• Flatus

Question 26

Fluid in the abdomen
causes generalized
protuberance, bulging
flanks, and an everted
umbilicus. Percussion
reveals dullness over
fluid (bottom of
abdomen and flanks)
and tympany over
intestines (top of abdomen).

Answer 26

Ascitic Fluid

Question 27

results from the bowel
protruding through a weakness in the umbilical
ring. This condition occurs more frequently in
infants, but it also occurs in adults.

Answer 27

Umbilical Hernia

Question 28

occurs when bowel protrudes
through a weakness in the linea alba. The small
bulge appears midline between the xiphoid
process and the umbilicus.

Answer 28

Epigastric Hernia

Question 29

occurs when bowel protrudes
through a separation between the two rectus
abdominis muscles. It appears as a midline ridge.
The bulge may appear only when client raises
head or coughs. The condition is of little
significance.

Answer 29

• Diastasis Recti

Question 30

occurs when bowel protrudes
through a defect or weakness resulting from a
surgical incision. It appears as a bulge near a
surgical scar on the abdomen.

Answer 30

Incisional Hernia

Question 31

An enlarged liver

Answer 31

(hepatomegaly)

Question 32

An enlarged spleen

Answer 32

(splenomegaly)

Question 33

An extremely tender, enlarged gallbladder
suggests acute .

Answer 33

cholecystitis