Thorax Labs Flashcards
how do most ribs connect ventrally
they connect ventrally with a costal cartilage via a cartilagenous joint called the costochondral junction
what are sternebrae
they are the small separate bones that make up the sternum that the most cranial costal cartilages articulate with
what are the first and last sternebra called
first is manubrium
last is xyphoid
what is the function of epaxial muscles
they are extensors of the vertebral column and can produce lateral flexion when contracting unilaterally
where do you find the scalenus muscle
along the first few ribs and extends towards the neck
what is the line of pleural reflection
where the parietal pleura on the diaphragm turns onto the thorax wall
what is the space called that is never filled with full inspiration
costodiaphragmatic recess
what muscle covers the surface of the sternum
transversus thoracis
what is the pleural cupola and what happens if its injured
its the space where the pleura extends past the ribs, injuries can lead to a pneumothorax
what is the importance of the cervicothoracic ganglion
important structure for the sympathetic system. all sympathetic innervation to the head passes through the ganglion.
what does pressure or infection of the cervicothoracic ganglion lead to
pressure on it or infection in the thorax can cause signs of horners syndrome
how is the parietal pericardium attached to the sternum is large animals
by the sternopericardial ligament, which stabilizes the position of the heart
how is the mediastinum divided
crainial - cranial to the heart
middle - containing the heart and also dorsal and ventral to the heart
caudal - caudal to the heart
