Forelimb Lecture #4 Flashcards
Why is there progressive fusion of the radius and ulna in cows and horses?
Mainly because we dont want to them to pronate or supinate and its greater weight bearing
what are the carpal and digital extensors innervated by?
radial nerve
what muscles are included in carpal and digital extensor muscles?
extensor carpi radialis, common digital extenders, lateral digital extenders, extensor carpi obliquus, ulnaris lateralis (anatomically an extender but functionally a flexor)
What muscles are included in carpal and digital flexor muscles?
Superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris
what are carpal and digital flexor muscles innervated by
median and ulnar nerves
digital flexor muscles and tendons in the horse
superficial digital flexor tendon, suspensory ligament, check ligament, tendon and muscle of the deep digital flexor
what is the check ligament used for in horses
to transfer force from muscles to the bone
what is the radial nerve exception in the horse
the radial nerve doesnt extend past the carpus - there are branches of ulnar and musculocutaneous
what is the retinaculum
its a thick piece of fascia holding the tendons in place over the carpal flexors and extensors
function of the collateral ligaments
resist lateral and medial rotation and translation, allows flexion, minimal extension of carpus (theres lateral and medial)
what is the function of the palmar carpal ligaments
to prevent hyperextension
function of distal ligament of accessory carpal
prevent uprooting of accessory carpal
what are the components of the stay apparatus in horses
-biceps brachii (intramuscular tendon, lacertus fibrosus)
-lateral heads of triceps and anconeus
- locking mechanism of carpus
-suspensory and sesamoidean ligaments
-superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and check ligaments
