Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Pelvis 1 > Flashcards

Pelvis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the pelvic skeleton

what parts are present in early development then disappears

A

-ilium, ischium, pubis, sarcum

-acetabular vone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats another name for the hip socket

A

acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes up the pelvic symphasis

A

pubic symphysis and ischial symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what attaches to the wing of the ileum

A

gluteal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

whats the name for ventral and dorsal iliac spines in large animals

A

sacral tuber (dorsal), coxal tuber (ventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does the external genitalia begin

A

at the ischial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the promontory of sacrum

A

its the area of the sacrum that is not in line with the lumbar vertebrae which creates more space in the bony pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the sacrotuberous ligament, and what species isnt it present in

A

caudolateral portion of sacrum to ischial tuber

not present in cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the sacroiliac and sacrosciatic ligaments in the horse

A

lateral sacrum to sacral tuber of ilium

lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what passes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

greater = sciatic nerve, cranial gluteal artery/vein/nerve, caudal gluteal artery/vein/nerve

lesser = tendon for the internal obturator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do you find peritoneum

A

it lines the pelvic cavity. NOT PRESENT in the perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

definitions of peritoneum and perineum

A

peritoneum = the serous lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

perineum = the contents of the caudal part of the pelvic canal, caudal to the pelvic cavity, no peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do you find the pararectal fossa

A

its the space/depression on either side of the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the rectogenital pouch, vesciogenital pouch and pubovesical pouch in females

what is the difference in males

A

rectogenital = between rectum and female reprotract

vesicogenital = between female repro tract and bladder

pubovesical = underneath the bladder

in males, the vesciogenital pouch and pubovesical pouch are combined as the rectovesical pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the ligaments associated with the bladder

A

lateral ligament (paired) and ventral ligament (single)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the female repro tract suspended by

A

the broad ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what attaches the rectum to the dorsal body wall

A

mesorectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the perineal region

A

its the region of skin caudal to perineum and surrounding external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the perineal body

A

fibrous fascial “shelf” between anus and genital opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the coccygeus muscle

A

origin = ischial spine
insertion = transverse processes of tail vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the levator ani muscle

A

origin = iliac shaft and pelvis symphysis
insertion = tail and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the ischiorectal

A

depression between ischium and rectum. usually filled with adipose tissue and CT, covered in hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the iliopsoas muscle and where is its origin and insertion

A

its a compound muscle made up of the psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle

origin=lumbar vertebrae and wings of ilium, sacrum

insertion = lesser trochanter (femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the main vessels that branch off the abdominal arota for all species pelvis

A

paired external iliac arteries (outside pelvis)

paired internal iliac arteries (inside pelvis)

median sacral artery (tail, probably wont see)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where does the aorta split and why

A

cranial to the promentory, because it minimizes the change of the pelvic vessels being pinched off otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what two arteries branch off of the external iliac muscle

A

femoral artery and deep femoral artery (stays closer to pelvic area than femoral, supplies muscles around it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what branches off the inernal iliac, and what does the internal iliac turn into? and what do they supply

A

internal pudendal branches off the internal iliac, and it supplies the pelvic viscera

the internal iliac turns into the caudal gluteal and it supplies muscles around the lumbosacral area and gluteal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where does the ovarian artery branch off of for canine

A

off the aorta, directly to the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where does the vaginal artery branch off of for canine

what would it be for males instead

A

off the internal pudendal artery

in males it would be the prostatic artery that branches off internal pudendal instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where does the uterine artery branch off of for canine

A

off of vaginal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

waht does the internal pudendal artery turn into caudally for canines

A

becomes ventral perineal artery which supplies the vulva and associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where does the caudal vescial artery branch from in the canine and what does it supply

A

off of the vaginal artery, and it supplies the caudal end of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what does the uterine artery supply

A

uterus and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does the vaginal artery supply

A

vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does the perineal artery supply

A

vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where does the umbilical artery come from and what does it turn into and supply (canine)

A

it comes off the internal iliac artery and once it gets near the bladder it terminates and becomes the cranial vesical artery that supplies the cranial end of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

where does the external pudendal artery come from and what does it supply

A

comes off the external iliac arter and supplies external genitalia like labia, scrotum in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

where does the pudendoepigastric trunk come from and what does it turn into

A

branches off of the deep femoral artery nd gives off the deep caudal epigastric, superficial caudal epigastric and external pudendal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what does the superficial caudal epigastric artery supply

A

abdominal wall, mammary glands

38
Q

where does the uterine artery come off in the HORSE

A

comes off of external iliac artery

39
Q

what artery is in horses only and what does it supply

A

obturator ARTERY is in horses only and it comes off of the cranial gluteal artery, supplies the penis for erection

40
Q

what is special about the internal iliac artery and umbilical artery in ruminants

A

internal iliac artery is long and gives off cranial gluteal artery just really caudal

umbilical artery is sometimes very large before shrinking dramatically before going to the bladder

41
Q

where does the prostatic or vaginal arteries branch from in ruminants

A

branches from internal iliac

42
Q

where does the uterine artery come from in ruminants

A

uterine artery comes from the umbilical artery and has a uterine branch off the vaginal artery

43
Q

what nerves are part of the lumbosacral plexus and what do they supply motor function to

A

femoral nerve = motor to quadriceps femoris muscle

obturator muscle = motor to medial adductor muscle

sciatic nerve = motor to caudal thigh muscle

44
Q

what nerves are part of the sacral ventral rami and what do they supply sensory/motor function to

A

pudendal nerve = sensory to anus and external genitalia; motor to perineal region muscle

caudal rectal nerve = sensory to rectum and perineal skin; motor to coccygeas muscle and levator ani muscle

45
Q

what nerves are part of the pelvic plexus and what part of the nervous system to they control, result

A

hypogastric nerve (hold) = smpathetic: relax bladder and erectile tissues, decrease GI motility. promotes urine storage, inhibits paristalsis, ejaculation and return to flaccid state

pelvic nerve (pee) = parasympathetic: bladder contraction, vasodilation of erectile tissue, increase GI motility. promotes urine voiding, motility of the colon, vasodilation of erectile tissues

46
Q

what is a plexus

A

they reorganize axons from several spinal levels so that nerves leaving the plexus have axons from more than one level

a plexus generates collateral innervation

47
Q

lumbosacral plexus; sections for lumbar and sacral nnerves, what does the plexus consist of, what does it supply

A

supplies most structures of the hindlimbs

consists of ventral branches/rami of lumbar and sacral nerves

lumbar nerves = L4-7
sacral nerves = S1-2/3
=plexus covers L4-S3

48
Q

femoral nerve; where does it pass through, what accompanies it, what is it necessary for

A

passes through the iliopsoas muscle, accompanies external iliac artery

innervates muscles that extends the stifle

necessary for weight bearing

49
Q

obturator nerve; where does it pass through, what does it innervate, what is it necessary for

A

passes through obturator foramen, innervates medial adductor muscle, necessary to aduct legs

50
Q

sciatic nerve; size, where does it pass, what does it innervate

A

largest nerve in the plexus

passes caudal to acetabulum (via greater sciatic foramen)

innervates caudal thigh muscle and muscles distal to stifle

51
Q

what ligament is not in cats

A

sacrotuberous ligament; its a muscle attachment site

52
Q

pudendal nerve; where does it pass, where does motor and sensory go

A

passes caudal to sciatic nerve

sensory to rectum, repro organs, perineal skin

motor to perineal muscle (bulbospongiosus muscle)

53
Q

caudal rectal nerve; overlapping, sensory and motor areas

A

overlapping origin with pudendal nerve

sensory to rectum, perineal skin

motor to anal sphincter, levator ani and coccygeus muscle

54
Q

what does retroperitoneal kidneys mean

what are pendulum kidneys

A

retro = kidneys behind parietal peritoneum

pendulus = suspended by a mesentary like membrane

55
Q

urogenital system; how does urine drain, what is bladder and its sphincter made up of

A

urine drains from renal pelvis, which joins the ureter at the hilus. smooth muscle in the bladder stores urine

bladder has smooth muscle and elastic tissue

bladder sphincter has smooth and striated muscle (skeletal)

56
Q

difference between male and femal urethra

A

female = relatively short

male = longer, divided into two parts (intrapelvic and extrapelvic[penile])

57
Q

do any species lack ampullary glands

A

nope, all the ones we study will have them

58
Q

do any species lack vesicular glands

A

dogs and cats

59
Q

type of prostate glands for rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse

A

compact = rabbit, cat, dog, horse

diffuse = sheep

both = ox

60
Q

do any species lack bulbourethral glands

A

dogs do, cats are really small that sometimes might be missed

61
Q

scrotal position of rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse

A

cranial to penis = rabbit

perineal = cat

intermediate = dog and horse

inguinal = sheep and ox

62
Q

penis type for rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse

A

musculocaverous = rabbit, cat, dog, horse

fibroelastic with sigmoidal flexure = sheep, ox

63
Q

what is the function of the testis, epididymis, ductus deferens in the male urogenital system

where does the ductus deferens join the urethra

A

testes = production of spermatozoa, fluids and hormones

epididymis = store maturing and mature spermatozoa

ductus deferens = conveys spermatozoa

ductus deferens joins urethra at the prostate gland

64
Q

where do the testes leave the perineal cavity

A

through the inguinal canal

65
Q

what does the gubernaculum do

A

its the fibrous structure connected to the base of the testes and the lining of the scrotum, it guides the testes where to go

66
Q

what is the vaginal process

A

its the evagination of peritoneum between parietal and visceral layers in the scrotum

67
Q

what is a continuation of the internal abdominal oblique muscle

A

cremaster muscle

68
Q

what is a continuation of the external abdombinal oblique aponeurosis

A

external spermatic fascia

69
Q

what acts as a countercurrent heat exchange and where does this occur

A

testicular artery, pampiniform plexus (network of veins)

these are the vessels of the spermatic cord

70
Q

layers of the scrotum covering

A

visceral vaginal tunic (directly on the testes)

parietal vaginal tunic

external spermatic fascia

71
Q

what is included in the spermatic cord

A

ductus deferens, testicular vessels and nerves, vaginal tunics (parietal and visceral)

72
Q

what is the mesoductus and mesorchium

A

mesoductus supports the ductus deferens

mesorchium supports blood vessels and testes, its above the pampinoform plexus

73
Q

what are the four accessory glands for males

A

ampullary, bulbourethral, vesicular, prostate

74
Q

what is the erectile tissue surrounding the urethra called

A

corpus spongiosum, there are distal and proximal increases in diameter of it, which are the glans(distal) and urethral bulb (proximal)

75
Q

what is the corpus caverosum

A

additional, dorsally positioned cavernous itssues

76
Q

what is the crus

A

its the corpus cavernosum surrounded by a CT sheath

77
Q

in the musculocavernous penis, where is corpus cavernosum and spongiosum present

A

cavernosum is mostly present at the caudal end of the penis (base)

spongiosum is only present at the cranial end of the penis (tip)

78
Q

what muscles cover the bulb and the crura

A

bulb is covered by bulbospongiosus muscle

crura is covered by ischiocavernosus muscle

79
Q

what is a baculum and what species do you find it

A

its an os penis, its found in carnivores, rodents and some primates

80
Q

what is special about a feline penis

A

theres a barbed surface of the glans, unless the animal was neutered early then it wouldnt as prominent

its a way to stay in the female

81
Q

what are three arteries to the penis in canines and where do they branch from

A

they all branch from the internal pudendal artery

the internal pudendal turns into the dorsal artery of the penis (to glans)

a branch is the artery to the bulb and spongiosum

another branch is the deep artery of the penis (to corpus cavernosum

82
Q

what is the preputial ring in equine

A

its the circular ring surrounding the glans

83
Q

what is specific to the glans of the equine penis

A

fossa glandis, its a depression around it. have to clean it out because there are secretions like smegma that can consolidate and cause issues

this is what sheath cleaning is related to

84
Q

what is the corona

A

is the part of the glans on the outside that flares out at ejaculation

85
Q

flow of urine in female urogenital system, is the bladder and sphincter make up the same as male

A

urine drains from renal pelvis, renal pelvis joins ureter at hilus, smooth muscle in ureters, bladder stores urine

same make up as male

86
Q

function of ovary and uterine tube, and parts of the uterine tube

A

ovary produces ova and hormones

uterine tube is narrow, convoluted and conveys ova to horns

infundibulum is the funnel like open end of the uterine tube

fimbriae are finger like processes fringing the infundibulum

lumen of uterine tube is lined with cilia

87
Q

what is a special feature of a bovine cervix

A

there is a fornix which is a depression around the cervix, important to watch out for when doing AI in cows

88
Q

what is the vestibule in females

A

its the union of the vagina and urethra

89
Q

features of duplex repro tract, species

A

2 uteri, 2 cervixes, 1 vagina

rabbits, rodents

90
Q

features of the bicornuate repro tract, species

A

2 horns, 1 small body, 1 cervix, 1 vagina

pigs, carnivores, horses, ewes

91
Q

features of simplex repro tract, species

A

0 horns, 1 body, 1 cervix, 1 vagina

humans, primates

92
Q

what are the parts of the broad ligament

A

as a whole the broad ligament suspends majority of the repro tract

mesovarium = suspends ovaries

mesosalpinx = uterine tube

mesometrium = uterine body/horns

93
Q

what are the ligaments of the connecting peritonea in females

A

broad ligament

suspensory ligament (of the ovary in carnivores)

proper ligament of ovary (all species, connects ovary to uterine horn)

round ligament (female equivalent of gubernaculum)

94
Q

what is the ovary wrapped in

A

ovarian bursa, envelope of peritoneum

95
Q

what ligament do you find in ruminants, and specifics in the horse

A

bovine have a dorsal and ventral part of an intercornual ligament

only one set in the horse

Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions