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Pelvis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the pelvic skeleton

what parts are present in early development then disappears

A

-ilium, ischium, pubis, sarcum

-acetabular vone

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2
Q

whats another name for the hip socket

A

acetabulum

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3
Q

what makes up the pelvic symphasis

A

pubic symphysis and ischial symphysis

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4
Q

what attaches to the wing of the ileum

A

gluteal muscles

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5
Q

whats the name for ventral and dorsal iliac spines in large animals

A

sacral tuber (dorsal), coxal tuber (ventral)

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6
Q

where does the external genitalia begin

A

at the ischial arch

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7
Q

what is the promontory of sacrum

A

its the area of the sacrum that is not in line with the lumbar vertebrae which creates more space in the bony pelvis

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8
Q

where is the sacrotuberous ligament, and what species isnt it present in

A

caudolateral portion of sacrum to ischial tuber

not present in cat

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9
Q

where is the sacroiliac and sacrosciatic ligaments in the horse

A

lateral sacrum to sacral tuber of ilium

lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium

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10
Q

what passes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

greater = sciatic nerve, cranial gluteal artery/vein/nerve, caudal gluteal artery/vein/nerve

lesser = tendon for the internal obturator muscle

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11
Q

where do you find peritoneum

A

it lines the pelvic cavity. NOT PRESENT in the perineum

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12
Q

definitions of peritoneum and perineum

A

peritoneum = the serous lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

perineum = the contents of the caudal part of the pelvic canal, caudal to the pelvic cavity, no peritoneum

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13
Q

where do you find the pararectal fossa

A

its the space/depression on either side of the rectum

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14
Q

where is the rectogenital pouch, vesciogenital pouch and pubovesical pouch in females

what is the difference in males

A

rectogenital = between rectum and female reprotract

vesicogenital = between female repro tract and bladder

pubovesical = underneath the bladder

in males, the vesciogenital pouch and pubovesical pouch are combined as the rectovesical pouch

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15
Q

what are the ligaments associated with the bladder

A

lateral ligament (paired) and ventral ligament (single)

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16
Q

what is the female repro tract suspended by

A

the broad ligament

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17
Q

what attaches the rectum to the dorsal body wall

A

mesorectum

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18
Q

what is the perineal region

A

its the region of skin caudal to perineum and surrounding external genitalia

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19
Q

what is the perineal body

A

fibrous fascial “shelf” between anus and genital opening

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20
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the coccygeus muscle

A

origin = ischial spine
insertion = transverse processes of tail vertebrae

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21
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the levator ani muscle

A

origin = iliac shaft and pelvis symphysis
insertion = tail and anus

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21
Q

what is the ischiorectal

A

depression between ischium and rectum. usually filled with adipose tissue and CT, covered in hair.

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22
Q

what is the iliopsoas muscle and where is its origin and insertion

A

its a compound muscle made up of the psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle

origin=lumbar vertebrae and wings of ilium, sacrum

insertion = lesser trochanter (femur)

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23
Q

what are the main vessels that branch off the abdominal arota for all species pelvis

A

paired external iliac arteries (outside pelvis)

paired internal iliac arteries (inside pelvis)

median sacral artery (tail, probably wont see)

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23
where does the aorta split and why
cranial to the promentory, because it minimizes the change of the pelvic vessels being pinched off otherwise
24
what two arteries branch off of the external iliac muscle
femoral artery and deep femoral artery (stays closer to pelvic area than femoral, supplies muscles around it)
25
what branches off the inernal iliac, and what does the internal iliac turn into? and what do they supply
internal pudendal branches off the internal iliac, and it supplies the pelvic viscera the internal iliac turns into the caudal gluteal and it supplies muscles around the lumbosacral area and gluteal muscles
26
where does the ovarian artery branch off of for canine
off the aorta, directly to the ovary
27
where does the vaginal artery branch off of for canine what would it be for males instead
off the internal pudendal artery in males it would be the prostatic artery that branches off internal pudendal instead
28
where does the uterine artery branch off of for canine
off of vaginal artery
29
waht does the internal pudendal artery turn into caudally for canines
becomes ventral perineal artery which supplies the vulva and associated structures
30
where does the caudal vescial artery branch from in the canine and what does it supply
off of the vaginal artery, and it supplies the caudal end of the bladder
31
what does the uterine artery supply
uterus and cervix
32
what does the vaginal artery supply
vagina
33
what does the perineal artery supply
vulva
34
where does the umbilical artery come from and what does it turn into and supply (canine)
it comes off the internal iliac artery and once it gets near the bladder it terminates and becomes the cranial vesical artery that supplies the cranial end of the bladder
35
where does the external pudendal artery come from and what does it supply
comes off the external iliac arter and supplies external genitalia like labia, scrotum in males
36
where does the pudendoepigastric trunk come from and what does it turn into
branches off of the deep femoral artery nd gives off the deep caudal epigastric, superficial caudal epigastric and external pudendal
37
what does the superficial caudal epigastric artery supply
abdominal wall, mammary glands
38
where does the uterine artery come off in the HORSE
comes off of external iliac artery
39
what artery is in horses only and what does it supply
obturator ARTERY is in horses only and it comes off of the cranial gluteal artery, supplies the penis for erection
40
what is special about the internal iliac artery and umbilical artery in ruminants
internal iliac artery is long and gives off cranial gluteal artery just really caudal umbilical artery is sometimes very large before shrinking dramatically before going to the bladder
41
where does the prostatic or vaginal arteries branch from in ruminants
branches from internal iliac
42
where does the uterine artery come from in ruminants
uterine artery comes from the umbilical artery and has a uterine branch off the vaginal artery
43
what nerves are part of the lumbosacral plexus and what do they supply motor function to
femoral nerve = motor to quadriceps femoris muscle obturator muscle = motor to medial adductor muscle sciatic nerve = motor to caudal thigh muscle
44
what nerves are part of the sacral ventral rami and what do they supply sensory/motor function to
pudendal nerve = sensory to anus and external genitalia; motor to perineal region muscle caudal rectal nerve = sensory to rectum and perineal skin; motor to coccygeas muscle and levator ani muscle
45
what nerves are part of the pelvic plexus and what part of the nervous system to they control, result
hypogastric nerve (hold) = smpathetic: relax bladder and erectile tissues, decrease GI motility. promotes urine storage, inhibits paristalsis, ejaculation and return to flaccid state pelvic nerve (pee) = parasympathetic: bladder contraction, vasodilation of erectile tissue, increase GI motility. promotes urine voiding, motility of the colon, vasodilation of erectile tissues
46
what is a plexus
they reorganize axons from several spinal levels so that nerves leaving the plexus have axons from more than one level a plexus generates collateral innervation
47
lumbosacral plexus; sections for lumbar and sacral nnerves, what does the plexus consist of, what does it supply
supplies most structures of the hindlimbs consists of ventral branches/rami of lumbar and sacral nerves lumbar nerves = L4-7 sacral nerves = S1-2/3 =plexus covers L4-S3
48
femoral nerve; where does it pass through, what accompanies it, what is it necessary for
passes through the iliopsoas muscle, accompanies external iliac artery innervates muscles that extends the stifle necessary for weight bearing
49
obturator nerve; where does it pass through, what does it innervate, what is it necessary for
passes through obturator foramen, innervates medial adductor muscle, necessary to aduct legs
50
sciatic nerve; size, where does it pass, what does it innervate
largest nerve in the plexus passes caudal to acetabulum (via greater sciatic foramen) innervates caudal thigh muscle and muscles distal to stifle
51
what ligament is not in cats
sacrotuberous ligament; its a muscle attachment site
52
pudendal nerve; where does it pass, where does motor and sensory go
passes caudal to sciatic nerve sensory to rectum, repro organs, perineal skin motor to perineal muscle (bulbospongiosus muscle)
53
caudal rectal nerve; overlapping, sensory and motor areas
overlapping origin with pudendal nerve sensory to rectum, perineal skin motor to anal sphincter, levator ani and coccygeus muscle
54
what does retroperitoneal kidneys mean what are pendulum kidneys
retro = kidneys behind parietal peritoneum pendulus = suspended by a mesentary like membrane
55
urogenital system; how does urine drain, what is bladder and its sphincter made up of
urine drains from renal pelvis, which joins the ureter at the hilus. smooth muscle in the bladder stores urine bladder has smooth muscle and elastic tissue bladder sphincter has smooth and striated muscle (skeletal)
56
difference between male and femal urethra
female = relatively short male = longer, divided into two parts (intrapelvic and extrapelvic[penile])
57
do any species lack ampullary glands
nope, all the ones we study will have them
58
do any species lack vesicular glands
dogs and cats
59
type of prostate glands for rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse
compact = rabbit, cat, dog, horse diffuse = sheep both = ox
60
do any species lack bulbourethral glands
dogs do, cats are really small that sometimes might be missed
61
scrotal position of rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse
cranial to penis = rabbit perineal = cat intermediate = dog and horse inguinal = sheep and ox
62
penis type for rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, ox, horse
musculocaverous = rabbit, cat, dog, horse fibroelastic with sigmoidal flexure = sheep, ox
63
what is the function of the testis, epididymis, ductus deferens in the male urogenital system where does the ductus deferens join the urethra
testes = production of spermatozoa, fluids and hormones epididymis = store maturing and mature spermatozoa ductus deferens = conveys spermatozoa ductus deferens joins urethra at the prostate gland
64
where do the testes leave the perineal cavity
through the inguinal canal
65
what does the gubernaculum do
its the fibrous structure connected to the base of the testes and the lining of the scrotum, it guides the testes where to go
66
what is the vaginal process
its the evagination of peritoneum between parietal and visceral layers in the scrotum
67
what is a continuation of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
cremaster muscle
68
what is a continuation of the external abdombinal oblique aponeurosis
external spermatic fascia
69
what acts as a countercurrent heat exchange and where does this occur
testicular artery, pampiniform plexus (network of veins) these are the vessels of the spermatic cord
70
layers of the scrotum covering
visceral vaginal tunic (directly on the testes) parietal vaginal tunic external spermatic fascia
71
what is included in the spermatic cord
ductus deferens, testicular vessels and nerves, vaginal tunics (parietal and visceral)
72
what is the mesoductus and mesorchium
mesoductus supports the ductus deferens mesorchium supports blood vessels and testes, its above the pampinoform plexus
73
what are the four accessory glands for males
ampullary, bulbourethral, vesicular, prostate
74
what is the erectile tissue surrounding the urethra called
corpus spongiosum, there are distal and proximal increases in diameter of it, which are the glans(distal) and urethral bulb (proximal)
75
what is the corpus caverosum
additional, dorsally positioned cavernous itssues
76
what is the crus
its the corpus cavernosum surrounded by a CT sheath
77
in the musculocavernous penis, where is corpus cavernosum and spongiosum present
cavernosum is mostly present at the caudal end of the penis (base) spongiosum is only present at the cranial end of the penis (tip)
78
what muscles cover the bulb and the crura
bulb is covered by bulbospongiosus muscle crura is covered by ischiocavernosus muscle
79
what is a baculum and what species do you find it
its an os penis, its found in carnivores, rodents and some primates
80
what is special about a feline penis
theres a barbed surface of the glans, unless the animal was neutered early then it wouldnt as prominent its a way to stay in the female
81
what are three arteries to the penis in canines and where do they branch from
they all branch from the internal pudendal artery the internal pudendal turns into the dorsal artery of the penis (to glans) a branch is the artery to the bulb and spongiosum another branch is the deep artery of the penis (to corpus cavernosum
82
what is the preputial ring in equine
its the circular ring surrounding the glans
83
what is specific to the glans of the equine penis
fossa glandis, its a depression around it. have to clean it out because there are secretions like smegma that can consolidate and cause issues this is what sheath cleaning is related to
84
what is the corona
is the part of the glans on the outside that flares out at ejaculation
85
flow of urine in female urogenital system, is the bladder and sphincter make up the same as male
urine drains from renal pelvis, renal pelvis joins ureter at hilus, smooth muscle in ureters, bladder stores urine same make up as male
86
function of ovary and uterine tube, and parts of the uterine tube
ovary produces ova and hormones uterine tube is narrow, convoluted and conveys ova to horns infundibulum is the funnel like open end of the uterine tube fimbriae are finger like processes fringing the infundibulum lumen of uterine tube is lined with cilia
87
what is a special feature of a bovine cervix
there is a fornix which is a depression around the cervix, important to watch out for when doing AI in cows
88
what is the vestibule in females
its the union of the vagina and urethra
89
features of duplex repro tract, species
2 uteri, 2 cervixes, 1 vagina rabbits, rodents
90
features of the bicornuate repro tract, species
2 horns, 1 small body, 1 cervix, 1 vagina pigs, carnivores, horses, ewes
91
features of simplex repro tract, species
0 horns, 1 body, 1 cervix, 1 vagina humans, primates
92
what are the parts of the broad ligament
as a whole the broad ligament suspends majority of the repro tract mesovarium = suspends ovaries mesosalpinx = uterine tube mesometrium = uterine body/horns
93
what are the ligaments of the connecting peritonea in females
broad ligament suspensory ligament (of the ovary in carnivores) proper ligament of ovary (all species, connects ovary to uterine horn) round ligament (female equivalent of gubernaculum)
94
what is the ovary wrapped in
ovarian bursa, envelope of peritoneum
95
what ligament do you find in ruminants, and specifics in the horse
bovine have a dorsal and ventral part of an intercornual ligament only one set in the horse

Anatomy (12 decks)

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