Forelimb Lecture #1 Flashcards
What region of the skeleton is the forelimb part of?
Pectoral Appendicular
How is the forelimb attached to the body?
Synsarcosis
What are the bones associated with the forelimb?
Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What is present on top of the scapula in large animals and why?
Suprascapular cartilage, to prevent scapula from cracking with animal rolls
What species has a clavicle? What species has a subclavious muscle?
Cats have clavicles, horses have the subclavious muscle
What is the difference in the radius in ulna in small animals vs large animals
Small animals - they are entirely separate which allows for rotation (pronation/supination).
Large animals - almost entirely fused, no rotation possible
What is the function of the accessory carpal
Acts as a lever for muscles
How many rows of carpal bones do animals have
2
Name the first and second row carpals (horse)
Radial carpal, intermediate carpal, ulnar carpal (1st row)
Second carpal, third carpal, fourth carpal (2nd row)
What are the special horses names for metacarpal 3, proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, and distal phalanx
cannon bone
long pastern
short pastern
coffin bone
What is plantigrade vs digitigrade vs unguligrade
plantigrade is humans, digitigrade is dogs and unguligrade is horses
What is the function of synovial joints, and what are they made of
for low friction, they are built to be mobile
essentially just synovial fluid between the bones and their cartilage
Joint name for fetlock, pastern joint, coffin joint
metacarpophalangeal (fore)
proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
distal interphalangeal (DIP)
What are the muscles of the brachial synsarcosis?
Trapezius (cervical and thoractic), omotransversarious, brachiocephalicus, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis, rhomboideus (2-3 sections), serratus ventralis (cervical and thoracic), subclavius (horse only),
