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Anatomy Winter 2012 > Thorax II > Flashcards

Thorax II Flashcards

1
Q

How many pleural cavities are there

A

2

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2
Q

Are the independent from each other?

A

yes!

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the pleura?

A
  1. Visceral layer

2. Parietal layer

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4
Q

Describe visceral layer

A

intimately related to surface of lung

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5
Q

Describe parietal layer

A

liners inner chest wall
, upper surface of diaphragm,
and sides of pericardium and mediastinum

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6
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament

A

where 2 layers become continuous at the root of the lung,

This pleural cuff hangs down in a loose fold

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7
Q

What is the pleuarl cavity

A

aka pleural space

Contains pleural fluid

separates parietal and visceral layers

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8
Q

What are the different parietal regions and recesses

A 
Costal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Costodiaphragmatic recess
costomediastinal recess
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9
Q

Is parietal pleura sensitiv eto pain, temperautre, touch, and pressure?

A

yes

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10
Q

What nerves are in costal pleura

A

Intercostal nerves

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11
Q

What nerves are in Mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic Nerve

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12
Q

What neves are in the Diaphgragmatic pleura

A

Lower 6 intercostal nerves

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13
Q

What are parietal recesssess

A

region where pleural space is enlarged

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14
Q

What are the parietal recesses?

A

Costomediastinal recess (where heawrt protrudes to elft; ~3.5 inches from 5th rib, intercostal space)

2 Costodiaphragmatic recess

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15
Q

What is Open Pneumothorax. What way does heart shift

A

HOle in pleural cavity.

B/c Patm>Plung, lung defaltes

Cardiac shifts opposite trauma at inhale; and exhale, shifts back to place (emplty pleural cavity at at pressure)

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16
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A

Trauma causes flap, which becomes a one way valve

Air goes into chamber, deflates lung, heart shift opposite trauma (Patm air pushing heart)

During exhale, atm pressure cannot get out b/c of one way valve flap => heart continues to shift opposite traubma–> BAD

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17
Q

How do you treat Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Release pressure from affected side by puncturing pleura ! Release Pressure. Poke on superior side of rib to avoid puncuring VAN

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18
Q

Where is surface anatomy of Trachea. Describe it’s cartilage

A

C6 (border of cricoid cartilage) - T4

Incompqlete U shaped cartialge deficient posteriorl (replaced by fibrous tissue)

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19
Q

What is the carina? What area is its surface anatomy

A

is tis where the trachea bifurcates!

It is located around T4

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20
Q

Orientation of trachea compared to esophagus and arch of aorta

A

Esophagus is POSTERIOR to trachea

Arch of aorta is to teh LEFT of trachea

Sternum, thymus

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21
Q

If a little kid inhales sosmething, which bronchi is it more likely in?

A

More likely right side because it is wider and shorter and more vertical than left side

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22
Q

What are lobes from right side

A

Supieror, middle and inferior lobes

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23
Q

What are lobes from left lung

A

superior and inferior lobes

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24
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right lung

25
Q

What do the bornchial veins drain into? What drains from it

A

Drains bronchi, CT of lunch, and visceral pleura into azygos and hemiazygos veins

26
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lungs

A

Pulmonary plexes

27
Q

What is the pulmonary plexus

A

Afferent and efferent autonomic nerve fibers formed by branches of sympathetic trunk and receives PS fibers from vagus nerve supply to lungs
afferent and efferent ANS fibers, formed by branches of symp trunk and receive PS fibers from VAGUS N

28
Q

What are the contents of the Mediastinum

A 
Thymus
Heart
Large BV
Trachea
Esophagus
Thoracic Duct
Vagus
Phrenic N. 
Sympatheric Trunks
29
Q

What are the divisions of the Mediastinum

A

Superior

Inferior

30
Q

What are inferior mediastinum divided into

A

Middle-pericardium and heart

Anterior- space between pericardium and sternum

Posterior- between pericardium and lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

31
Q

Where does azgous vein ascend through in diaphragm? what side ?

A

Through aortic opening, on right side of AORTA to level of T5

32
Q

Where does Azygos vein empty into

A

Into Posterior surface of Superior Vena Cava

33
Q

Where does Hemiazygos vein arise from?

A

arises on left side by junciton of left subcostal adn ascending lumbar veins

Ascends on left side of vertebral column, posterior to thoracic aorta to level of T9,

Then crosses to right to join AZYGOS VEIN

34
Q

Azygos vs Hemiazygos

A

Azygos- Right
Az ..that’s right

Hemiazygos & Accessory hemiazygos vein- Left

35
Q

What is more superior; hemiazygoes or accessory hemiazygos

A

Accessory hemiazygos is mor`e superior

36
Q

How long is esophagus and where does the surface anatomy extend from

A

10 inches long

Extending from lower border of cricoid cartilage to cardiac orfice of stomach

37
Q

What does Esophagus structure consist of

A

Outer CT sheath
Muscular layer of exernal longitudinal circular fiber (striated in upper 2/3 and smooth in lower 1/3)

Submucosal layer containing mucous glands

Mucosal layer of stratified epithelium

38
Q

What is the arterial supply of esophagus

A

Inferior thyroid artery

Branches of the descending thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

39
Q

What is venous drainage from esophagous

A

Inferior thyroid and left gastric veins

40
Q

What is the superior, middle and inferior esophageal constirctions

A

Superior- pharynx

Middle- aortic arch, Left bronchus

Inferior- through diaphragm

41
Q

What is the thoracic duct

A

Main lymphatic duct

Conveys to the blood all lymph from lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left thorax, left arm and left side of head and neck

42
Q

Where does thoracic duct begin? Through Aortic Opening in the diaphragm

A

in abdomen as dialted sace cisterna chyli

Ascends through aortic opening in diaphragm

43
Q

Wha does Thoracic duct drain

A

Drains lymph from entire Left side and Lower right side

44
Q

Where does Thoracic drain drain into?

A

empties into Left Brachiocephalic vein

45
Q

Where does azygous vein drain?

A

Azygos vein empties into superior vena cava

46
Q

What nerves go to thorax?

A

Right vagus nerve

Left Vagus nerve

47
Q

What do the branches of the vagi supply?

A

Lungs and esophagus

48
Q

What does right vagus give branchs off

A

Right vagus gives off cardiac bracnhes

49
Q

Left vagus gives off…

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

50
Q

course of left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Hooks aroudn ligamentum arteriosum and ascends between the trachea and esophagus on the left side to supply most muscles of the left vocal cord

51
Q

What nerve(s) supply left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve whcih is a branch of the left vagus nerve

52
Q

Where does phrenic nerve arise? what does it innervate

A

Arise from ventral rami of cervical nerves 3, 4, 5

possess both efferent and afferent fibers an are sole nerve suply to diaphragm

53
Q

Does phrenic nerve pas anterior or posterior to root of lung

A

travels anterior to root of lung

54
Q

How does thoracis sypathetic trunk course

A

continuous wiht cervical (superiorly) and lumbar (inferiorly) parts of symp trunk

55
Q

What is the most laterlaly placed structure in teh medastinum

A

Thoracic symp trunk

56
Q

How ay ganglia does thoracic symp trunk have

A

12 (soemtimes 11 sementally arranged gnaglica,

57
Q

Wher are postganglionic fibers T1-5 distributed from thoracic symp trunk?

A

to heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus

58
Q

What does preganglionic fibers from T5-T12 form?

A

splanchnic nerves

pierce crura of diaphrgam and supply the abdoinal viscera

59
Q

what is greater splanchnic
lesser splanchinc
leas splanchnic

A

Greaer- T5-9
Lesser T10 -T11
Least T12

Anatomy Winter 2012 (12 decks)

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