Anatomy GI 1 Flashcards
what is the difference between somatic and visceral pain
Somatic pain- from inflammation of the parietal peritoneum
Visceral pain- from activation of nerve endings from teh viscera and visceral peritoneum
What is portal hypertension
igation, search
Portal hypertension
Classification and external resources
The portal vein and its tributaries. ICD-10 K76.6 ICD-9 572.3 DiseasesDB 10388 eMedicine radio/570 med/1889 MeSH D006975
In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the portal vein system, which is composed by the portal vein, and its branches and tributaries.
Does external oblique and abdominal muscles become aporonuesis medially or laterally?
Medially
Which quadrant is liver located
RUQ
Where is stomach located
LUQ,
some in RUQ
What is the abdominopelvic cavity
part of abdomen and pelvic cavity
What limits expansion of abdomen
It is enclosed in a musculo-tendinous wall on all sides
What divides teh abdomen from the thorax
Diaphragm
How high up does Abdomen rise
extends up to 4th incerostal space
What is the abdomen lined by
Serous mesothelial peritoneum (as are all intera-peritoneal viscera)
What is a mesothelium
The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities:
What kind of viscera does abdominal cavity have
Digestive and Excretory Viscera
What is inferior and posterior of the abdomen
Inferiorly- Pelvic cavity
Superiorly- protected by ribs of thoracic cage
Which phernic nerves innervate diaphragm
C 3, 4, 5 (closer to shoulder, mibrated during development)
What is the resting position of the diapthragm?
almsot up to nipple line (4th/5th intercostal space)
What are the regions of hte Anterolateral Abdomen
Epigastric
Periumbilical (umbilical)
Hypogastric (suprapubic)
Right and left Hypochondria (upper quadrants)
Right and Left Lumbar (Flanks)
Right and Left Inguinal (lower quadrants)
What is common to find in left upper quadrant
Rupture of spleen
WHere do you find colicystitis
RUQ (hyperchondria)
WHere do you find appendicitis
RLQ- diverculitis
What does ASIS mean
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
What are the two planes called in the tic tac toe divisions
Transpyloric Plane
Transtubercular Plane
Where does the Inguinal Ligament run
From ASIS to Pubic Tubercle
What is Mc. Burney’s Point
apparent site of appendix
60% f people have it off of McBuney’s point.
1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus on RUQ
What is the definition of fascia
sheet of fibrous tissue which envelops the body and encloses muscles or groups of msulces
What is aponeurosis-
end of a muscle as it becomes a fibrous sheet of tendon
Many muscles beocme tendons as they terminate
What is the general function of musclces in the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Muscles assist in forced expiration and flexion, extension, and rotation of torso
What do uscles of anterolateral abdominal wall help do? (what kind of actions)
intra-abdominal pressure for respiration, coughing ,sneezing, urination, defecation, and emesis
Signifiant protection of abdominal viscera
Are muscles striated? under voluntary contrul?
yes!
What is Camper’s Fascia
superficial facia subcutaneous tissue, composed of outer fatty layer (not true fascia)
What is Scarpa’s fascia
Deeper MEMBRANOUS LAYER (neitehr are true fascia)
what are the three layers of flat musculature which become aponeurotic medilaly? Which is innermost and outermost muscle layer?
- External Oblique (outermost)
- Internal Obllique
- Transversus Abdominus (innermost)
Which layer of “fascia” is most superficial (right under skin)
Camper’s fascia
with fat and CT
Which fascia is just superficial to external oblique?
Scarpa’s fascia
What is the Peritoneum
wher enerve endings are, that can sense inflammation
“peritoneal pain” from abdominal wall
Pain generated by obstructed viscera or small intestine
What is teh Rectus Abdominus muscles? Where is its origin and insertion
Pair of vertically oriented strap shaped mjuscles that run from pubic symphisis (origin) to costal margin (insertion)
Interrupted by tendinuos intersections
Whch muscle do PTs work on when they want you to work on spinal psoture and correct alignment?
Trasnverus abdominus muscle
What does the anterior wall o the rectus sheath consist of
- Exernal Oblique Aponeurosis
2. Anterior Lamina of Internal Oblique Aponeurosis
What are the arteries of the abdominal wall. What do these arteries help bypass?
Superior and Inferior epigastric arteries
Forma potential anastomosis or bypass for blodo from SUBCLAVIAN and FEMORAL ARTEIRS
this allowsl blood to byass teh abdominal aorta
continuous with internal thoracis (internal mammary) artery
Describe the rectus sheeth intermuscular exchange of fibers
Intermuscular exchange of fibers between aponeuroses of contralateral external and internal oblique muscles
What happens to fibers of external oblique aperoneusis at lina abla
Fibers from superficial go deep; deep go superficial
Describe the orientation of the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus above acruate line
- External aponeurosis- anterior to rectus abdominus
- Internal aporonueosis is 50/50 anterior/posterior to rectus abdominus
- Trasversus is posterior
What is the orientation of the aponeurosis below Arcuate line
All fibers are ANTERIOR to rectus muscle
Transversalis is the only one behind the rectus muscle!
Will you see rectus abdomins muscles mroe in upper or lower regions?
lower! b.c fibrous rectus sheeth that encases it above it!
What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath made from
External oblique aponeurosis as wella s part of the internal oblique aponeurosis
What is the posterior layer rectus sheath composed fo
portion of internal oblique aponeuroris and transverse abdominal aponeurosis
What is the acruate line sigificance to rectus sheath
limit of aponeurotic post rectus sheath, only transersalis fascia covers the posterior rectus below this level
What happens to fibers of external oblique aperoneusis at lina abla
Fibers from superficial go deep; deep go superficial
Describe the orientation of the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus above acruate line
- External aponeurosis- anterior to rectus abdominus
- Internal aporonueosis is 50/50 anterior/posterior to rectus abdominus
- Trasversus is posterior
What is the orientation of the aponeurosis below Arcuate line
All fibers are ANTERIOR to rectus muscle
Transversalis is the only one behind the rectus muscle!
Will you see rectus abdomins muscles mroe in upper or lower regions?
lower! b.c fibrous rectus sheeth that encases it above it!
What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath made from
External oblique aponeurosis as wella s part of the internal oblique aponeurosis
What is the posterior layer rectus sheath composed fo
portion of internal oblique aponeuroris and transverse abdominal aponeurosis
What is the acruate line sigificance to rectus sheath
limit of aponeurotic post rectus sheath, only transersalis fascia covers the posterior rectus below this level
What is the Linea Alba
intersection of aponeurosis int eh midlie- runs from xiphoid to pubic symphysis
Fibers decussate (cross) in midline due to overlapping of internal and external oblique aponeuroses at right angles
Midline incision is stronger than paramedian incisdeion due to this decussation
Whwat is more dense. Fasica or adipose>
Fascia!
What innervates (both sensory and motor) the abdominal wall?
Ventaal rami of Intercostal Nerves T5-T12/L1
What is a landmark of T5
Xiphoid process
Where do Iliolingual and Illiohypogastric nerves originate?
L1
What do iliohypogastic and illioninguinal nerves innervate
Groin area of anterior trunk
T4
teat pore
nipple
T10
belly but10
L1
Inguinal Ligament
1nguinal Ligament
Descsribe the blood supply and lympahtic drainage of abdominal wall
Continusation of intercostal arteries supply abdominal wall
Where is lymphatic drainage in sites above umbilicus
usualy goes to axiallary nodes
Where do nodes drain below umbilicus?
Inguinal nodes drain tissues below umbilicus
What happens if inetercostal vessels (which take care of arterial supply) are dmagaed in injury or incision
it’s okay1 b/c there is dual circulation
What is the significance of the Arcuate line
terminus of the rectus fascia where above aruate line, there is posterior rectus fascia
Below all the fascia goes anterio to rectus muscle
What is the falciform ligament
vestigial structture
It is a remnant of the umbilical vein of the fetus and a derivative of the embryonic ventral mesentery.
How many umbilical folds are there?
5
What are the median umbilical folds
covers median umbilical ligament-
remnant of urachus which joined fetal bladder to umbilicus.
travels along ab wall on midline to attach to umbilicus
Was a sac between urinary bladder ana llantois sac
How many medial umbilical folds are there? role?
2!
Cover medial umbilical ligaments; oblierated umbilical arteries that are branches of iliac system
Remnants of umbilical arteries which carried fetal blood to placenta via umbilical cord
How many lateral umbilical folds. Role?
2!
Cover inferior epigastric arteries. Enters rectus sheeth to communicate with superior epigastric
Show in adults!
Only ACTIVE folds!
What is the external/superficial rign?
Spermatic cord in the male and round ligament of ovary int eh female emerge from teh abdominal cavity in teh inguinal region makeing this common site of herniation of abdominal wallWhat is the
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
openign in teh external oblique aponeurosis just above and lateral to the pubic tubercle
What do you palpate on live patients when looking for a hernia
External/superficial ring
palpate form pubic tubercle (superficial inguinal ring)
what layer does anterior cutaneous nerves (T7-T12) peirce?
anteiror layer of rectus sheath
