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Anatomy Winter 2012 > Anatomy GI 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between somatic and visceral pain

A

Somatic pain- from inflammation of the parietal peritoneum

Visceral pain- from activation of nerve endings from teh viscera and visceral peritoneum

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2
Q

What is portal hypertension

A

igation, search
Portal hypertension
Classification and external resources

The portal vein and its tributaries.
ICD-10 	K76.6
ICD-9 	572.3
DiseasesDB 	10388
eMedicine 	radio/570 med/1889
MeSH 	D006975

In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the portal vein system, which is composed by the portal vein, and its branches and tributaries.

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3
Q

Does external oblique and abdominal muscles become aporonuesis medially or laterally?

A

Medially

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4
Q

Which quadrant is liver located

A

RUQ

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5
Q

Where is stomach located

A

LUQ,

some in RUQ

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6
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity

A

part of abdomen and pelvic cavity

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7
Q

What limits expansion of abdomen

A

It is enclosed in a musculo-tendinous wall on all sides

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8
Q

What divides teh abdomen from the thorax

A

Diaphragm

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9
Q

How high up does Abdomen rise

A

extends up to 4th incerostal space

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10
Q

What is the abdomen lined by

A

Serous mesothelial peritoneum (as are all intera-peritoneal viscera)

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11
Q

What is a mesothelium

A

The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities:

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12
Q

What kind of viscera does abdominal cavity have

A

Digestive and Excretory Viscera

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13
Q

What is inferior and posterior of the abdomen

A

Inferiorly- Pelvic cavity

Superiorly- protected by ribs of thoracic cage

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14
Q

Which phernic nerves innervate diaphragm

A

C 3, 4, 5 (closer to shoulder, mibrated during development)

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15
Q

What is the resting position of the diapthragm?

A

almsot up to nipple line (4th/5th intercostal space)

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16
Q

What are the regions of hte Anterolateral Abdomen

A

Epigastric
Periumbilical (umbilical)
Hypogastric (suprapubic)
Right and left Hypochondria (upper quadrants)
Right and Left Lumbar (Flanks)
Right and Left Inguinal (lower quadrants)

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17
Q

What is common to find in left upper quadrant

A

Rupture of spleen

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18
Q

WHere do you find colicystitis

A

RUQ (hyperchondria)

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19
Q

WHere do you find appendicitis

A

RLQ- diverculitis

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20
Q

What does ASIS mean

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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21
Q

What are the two planes called in the tic tac toe divisions

A

Transpyloric Plane

Transtubercular Plane

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22
Q

Where does the Inguinal Ligament run

A

From ASIS to Pubic Tubercle

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23
Q

What is Mc. Burney’s Point

A

apparent site of appendix
60% f people have it off of McBuney’s point.
1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus on RUQ

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24
Q

What is the definition of fascia

A

sheet of fibrous tissue which envelops the body and encloses muscles or groups of msulces

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25
Q

What is aponeurosis-

A

end of a muscle as it becomes a fibrous sheet of tendon

Many muscles beocme tendons as they terminate

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26
Q

What is the general function of musclces in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Muscles assist in forced expiration and flexion, extension, and rotation of torso

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27
Q

What do uscles of anterolateral abdominal wall help do? (what kind of actions)

A

intra-abdominal pressure for respiration, coughing ,sneezing, urination, defecation, and emesis

Signifiant protection of abdominal viscera

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28
Q

Are muscles striated? under voluntary contrul?

A

yes!

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29
Q

What is Camper’s Fascia

A

superficial facia subcutaneous tissue, composed of outer fatty layer (not true fascia)

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30
Q

What is Scarpa’s fascia

A

Deeper MEMBRANOUS LAYER (neitehr are true fascia)

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31
Q

what are the three layers of flat musculature which become aponeurotic medilaly? Which is innermost and outermost muscle layer?

A
  1. External Oblique (outermost)
  2. Internal Obllique
  3. Transversus Abdominus (innermost)
32
Q

Which layer of “fascia” is most superficial (right under skin)

A

Camper’s fascia

with fat and CT

33
Q

Which fascia is just superficial to external oblique?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

34
Q

What is the Peritoneum

A

wher enerve endings are, that can sense inflammation

“peritoneal pain” from abdominal wall
Pain generated by obstructed viscera or small intestine

35
Q

What is teh Rectus Abdominus muscles? Where is its origin and insertion

A

Pair of vertically oriented strap shaped mjuscles that run from pubic symphisis (origin) to costal margin (insertion)

Interrupted by tendinuos intersections

36
Q

Whch muscle do PTs work on when they want you to work on spinal psoture and correct alignment?

A

Trasnverus abdominus muscle

37
Q

What does the anterior wall o the rectus sheath consist of

A
  1. Exernal Oblique Aponeurosis

2. Anterior Lamina of Internal Oblique Aponeurosis

38
Q

What are the arteries of the abdominal wall. What do these arteries help bypass?

A

Superior and Inferior epigastric arteries

Forma potential anastomosis or bypass for blodo from SUBCLAVIAN and FEMORAL ARTEIRS

this allowsl blood to byass teh abdominal aorta

continuous with internal thoracis (internal mammary) artery

39
Q

Describe the rectus sheeth intermuscular exchange of fibers

A

Intermuscular exchange of fibers between aponeuroses of contralateral external and internal oblique muscles

40
Q

What happens to fibers of external oblique aperoneusis at lina abla

A

Fibers from superficial go deep; deep go superficial

41
Q

Describe the orientation of the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus above acruate line

A
  1. External aponeurosis- anterior to rectus abdominus
  2. Internal aporonueosis is 50/50 anterior/posterior to rectus abdominus
  3. Trasversus is posterior
42
Q

What is the orientation of the aponeurosis below Arcuate line

A

All fibers are ANTERIOR to rectus muscle

Transversalis is the only one behind the rectus muscle!

43
Q

Will you see rectus abdomins muscles mroe in upper or lower regions?

A

lower! b.c fibrous rectus sheeth that encases it above it!

44
Q

What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath made from

A

External oblique aponeurosis as wella s part of the internal oblique aponeurosis

45
Q

What is the posterior layer rectus sheath composed fo

A

portion of internal oblique aponeuroris and transverse abdominal aponeurosis

46
Q

What is the acruate line sigificance to rectus sheath

A

limit of aponeurotic post rectus sheath, only transersalis fascia covers the posterior rectus below this level

47
Q

What happens to fibers of external oblique aperoneusis at lina abla

A

Fibers from superficial go deep; deep go superficial

48
Q

Describe the orientation of the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus above acruate line

A
  1. External aponeurosis- anterior to rectus abdominus
  2. Internal aporonueosis is 50/50 anterior/posterior to rectus abdominus
  3. Trasversus is posterior
49
Q

What is the orientation of the aponeurosis below Arcuate line

A

All fibers are ANTERIOR to rectus muscle

Transversalis is the only one behind the rectus muscle!

50
Q

Will you see rectus abdomins muscles mroe in upper or lower regions?

A

lower! b.c fibrous rectus sheeth that encases it above it!

51
Q

What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath made from

A

External oblique aponeurosis as wella s part of the internal oblique aponeurosis

52
Q

What is the posterior layer rectus sheath composed fo

A

portion of internal oblique aponeuroris and transverse abdominal aponeurosis

53
Q

What is the acruate line sigificance to rectus sheath

A

limit of aponeurotic post rectus sheath, only transersalis fascia covers the posterior rectus below this level

54
Q

What is the Linea Alba

A

intersection of aponeurosis int eh midlie- runs from xiphoid to pubic symphysis

Fibers decussate (cross) in midline due to overlapping of internal and external oblique aponeuroses at right angles

Midline incision is stronger than paramedian incisdeion due to this decussation

55
Q

Whwat is more dense. Fasica or adipose>

A

Fascia!

56
Q

What innervates (both sensory and motor) the abdominal wall?

A

Ventaal rami of Intercostal Nerves T5-T12/L1

57
Q

What is a landmark of T5

A

Xiphoid process

58
Q

Where do Iliolingual and Illiohypogastric nerves originate?

A

L1

59
Q

What do iliohypogastic and illioninguinal nerves innervate

A

Groin area of anterior trunk

60
Q

T4

A

teat pore

nipple

61
Q

T10

A

belly but10

62
Q

L1

A

Inguinal Ligament

1nguinal Ligament

63
Q

Descsribe the blood supply and lympahtic drainage of abdominal wall

A

Continusation of intercostal arteries supply abdominal wall

64
Q

Where is lymphatic drainage in sites above umbilicus

A

usualy goes to axiallary nodes

65
Q

Where do nodes drain below umbilicus?

A

Inguinal nodes drain tissues below umbilicus

66
Q

What happens if inetercostal vessels (which take care of arterial supply) are dmagaed in injury or incision

A

it’s okay1 b/c there is dual circulation

67
Q

What is the significance of the Arcuate line

A

terminus of the rectus fascia where above aruate line, there is posterior rectus fascia

Below all the fascia goes anterio to rectus muscle

68
Q

What is the falciform ligament

A

vestigial structture

It is a remnant of the umbilical vein of the fetus and a derivative of the embryonic ventral mesentery.

69
Q

How many umbilical folds are there?

A

5

70
Q

What are the median umbilical folds

A

covers median umbilical ligament-
remnant of urachus which joined fetal bladder to umbilicus.

travels along ab wall on midline to attach to umbilicus
Was a sac between urinary bladder ana llantois sac

71
Q

How many medial umbilical folds are there? role?

A

2!
Cover medial umbilical ligaments; oblierated umbilical arteries that are branches of iliac system

Remnants of umbilical arteries which carried fetal blood to placenta via umbilical cord

72
Q

How many lateral umbilical folds. Role?

A

2!
Cover inferior epigastric arteries. Enters rectus sheeth to communicate with superior epigastric

Show in adults!
Only ACTIVE folds!

73
Q

What is the external/superficial rign?

A

Spermatic cord in the male and round ligament of ovary int eh female emerge from teh abdominal cavity in teh inguinal region makeing this common site of herniation of abdominal wallWhat is the

74
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

openign in teh external oblique aponeurosis just above and lateral to the pubic tubercle

75
Q

What do you palpate on live patients when looking for a hernia

A

External/superficial ring

palpate form pubic tubercle (superficial inguinal ring)

76
Q

what layer does anterior cutaneous nerves (T7-T12) peirce?

A

anteiror layer of rectus sheath

Anatomy Winter 2012 (12 decks)

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