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BMS172 - anatomy lower limb > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Is the body of the sternum longer in males or females?

A

males

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2
Q

a neurovascular bundle runs between the _______ and _______ intercostals.

A

A neurovascular bundle runs between the internal and innermost intercostals

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3
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome may be caused by the presence of a cervical rib. What are the symptoms of this syndrome?

A

Weakness of pulse in the affected upper limb

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4
Q

What fuses around the age of 40?

A

The xiphisternal joint

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5
Q

How many facets for articulating with vertebrae does each typical rib have?

A

3

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6
Q

Which ligaments connect the crest of the head of a typical rib to an intervertebral disc?

A

Costovertebral intra-articular ligaments

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7
Q

In a living subject the jugular notch is a landmark for the body of which of the following vertebra?

A

T2

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8
Q

A sternal foramen may be the result of what?

A

incomplete ossification

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9
Q

Manubriosternal joint is a ___________ joint
and
Xiphisternal is a _____________ joint

A

Manubriosternal = secondary cartilaginous (symphyseal)

Xiphisternal = primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)

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10
Q

The interchondral joints are _______ except for joint between costal cartilage 9 & 10 which is _______

A

synovial

fibrous

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11
Q

The first sternocostal joint is ______ _______ and the rest of them are ______

A

Primary cartilaginous

Synovial

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12
Q

What is a feature of the body of the sternum?

A

Costal notch for rib 6

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13
Q

Radiate sternocostal ligaments provide stability to which joints?

A

Sternocostal

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14
Q

The radiate ligaments cover the anterior aspect of which joints?

A

Costovertebral

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15
Q

What can be found on the manubrium? (2 things)

A

Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
1st costal notch

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16
Q

Which layer of pleura directly covers the surface of the lungs?

A

Visceral

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17
Q

The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon of the ________

A

diaphram

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18
Q

The aorta passes through the diaphram at the level of _____

A

T12

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19
Q

During “bucket handle” movement, which dimension of the thorax changes?

A

Transverse diameter of the thorax

20
Q

Which condition can produce a wide costophrenic angle on an X-ray?

A

Haemothorax

21
Q

Which vertebrae does the first rib articulate with?

A

T1

22
Q

Fracture of more than one rib in more than one place is known as:

A

Flail chest

23
Q

The space between the lungs which houses the heart and major vessels is known as the:

A

Mediastinum

24
Q

During “pump handle movement” which dimension of the thorax changes?

A

Anteroposterior diameter of the thorax

25
Q

What type of joint is the 3rd sternocostal joint?

A

Plane synovial

26
Q

The xiphisternal joint is a landmark for the body of which of the following vertebrae?

A

T9

27
Q

Which of the following is true about the thoracic viscera?

A

The heart is located in the mediastinum

28
Q

Which of the following is true about a sternal foramen?

A

This condition is asymptomatic and of no clinical significance in the living patient

29
Q

Pectus excavatum is:

A

Internal displacement of the sternum

30
Q

the sternal body of a female is ______ and _______ than that of a male

A

broader and shorter

31
Q

Accessory muscles of respiration are only engaged when:

A

When there is extra demand for oxygen and respiratory rate increases (ie during exercise)

32
Q

Typical ribs include:

A

3-9

33
Q

What covers the thorasic outlet

A

the diaphragm

34
Q

True ribs include:

A

1-7

35
Q

What protrudes above the thoracic inlet?

A

The lungs

36
Q

Which vertebrae does the second rib articulate with?

A

T1 and T2

37
Q

Which ligaments conenct the crest of the head of a typical rib to an intervertebral disc?

A

Costovertebral intra-articular ligaments

38
Q

The sternal angle is typically a landmark for:

A

Costal cartilage 2

39
Q

Which ligament runs from the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra to the tubercle of a rib?

A

The lateral costotransverse ligament

40
Q

Which ligament attaches to both the neck of the rib and the tranverse process of a thoracic vertebra?

A

The costotransverse ligament

41
Q

what type of joints are costovertebral and costotransverse?

A

synovial

42
Q

False ribs are defined as:

A

Ribs that articulate with the costal cartilages of the ribs above

43
Q

Which muscles attach to the ribs between the tubercle and angle?

A

Levator costarum

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about intercostal muscles?

1) Internal intercostal is membranous anteriorly
2) Transversus thoracis is located on the same plane as innermost intercostal
3) Innermost intercostal muscles all attach to two adjacent ribs e.g. 7 and 8
4) External intercostal is membranous anteriorly

A

Internal intercostal is membranous anteriorly

45
Q

If an individual has a manubrium longer than 5cm it is possible the sternal angle is found where?

A

Where the third costal cartilage joins the sternum

46
Q

Which thoracic condition produces paradoxical movement of part of the thoracic wall?

A

Flail chest

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT an attachment of the diaphragm?

1) Thoracic vertebrae
2) Xiphoid process
3) Lumbar vertebrae
4) Costal margin

A

Thoracic vertebrae

BMS172 - anatomy lower limb (13 decks)

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