Thorax Flashcards
Is the body of the sternum longer in males or females?
males
a neurovascular bundle runs between the _______ and _______ intercostals.
A neurovascular bundle runs between the internal and innermost intercostals
Thoracic outlet syndrome may be caused by the presence of a cervical rib. What are the symptoms of this syndrome?
Weakness of pulse in the affected upper limb
What fuses around the age of 40?
The xiphisternal joint
How many facets for articulating with vertebrae does each typical rib have?
3
Which ligaments connect the crest of the head of a typical rib to an intervertebral disc?
Costovertebral intra-articular ligaments
In a living subject the jugular notch is a landmark for the body of which of the following vertebra?
T2
A sternal foramen may be the result of what?
incomplete ossification
Manubriosternal joint is a ___________ joint
and
Xiphisternal is a _____________ joint
Manubriosternal = secondary cartilaginous (symphyseal)
Xiphisternal = primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)
The interchondral joints are _______ except for joint between costal cartilage 9 & 10 which is _______
synovial
fibrous
The first sternocostal joint is ______ _______ and the rest of them are ______
Primary cartilaginous
Synovial
What is a feature of the body of the sternum?
Costal notch for rib 6
Radiate sternocostal ligaments provide stability to which joints?
Sternocostal
The radiate ligaments cover the anterior aspect of which joints?
Costovertebral
What can be found on the manubrium? (2 things)
Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
1st costal notch
Which layer of pleura directly covers the surface of the lungs?
Visceral
The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon of the ________
diaphram
The aorta passes through the diaphram at the level of _____
T12
During “bucket handle” movement, which dimension of the thorax changes?
Transverse diameter of the thorax
Which condition can produce a wide costophrenic angle on an X-ray?
Haemothorax
Which vertebrae does the first rib articulate with?
T1
Fracture of more than one rib in more than one place is known as:
Flail chest
The space between the lungs which houses the heart and major vessels is known as the:
Mediastinum
During “pump handle movement” which dimension of the thorax changes?
Anteroposterior diameter of the thorax
What type of joint is the 3rd sternocostal joint?
Plane synovial
The xiphisternal joint is a landmark for the body of which of the following vertebrae?
T9
Which of the following is true about the thoracic viscera?
The heart is located in the mediastinum
Which of the following is true about a sternal foramen?
This condition is asymptomatic and of no clinical significance in the living patient
Pectus excavatum is:
Internal displacement of the sternum
the sternal body of a female is ______ and _______ than that of a male
broader and shorter
Accessory muscles of respiration are only engaged when:
When there is extra demand for oxygen and respiratory rate increases (ie during exercise)
Typical ribs include:
3-9
What covers the thorasic outlet
the diaphragm
True ribs include:
1-7
What protrudes above the thoracic inlet?
The lungs
Which vertebrae does the second rib articulate with?
T1 and T2
Which ligaments conenct the crest of the head of a typical rib to an intervertebral disc?
Costovertebral intra-articular ligaments
The sternal angle is typically a landmark for:
Costal cartilage 2
Which ligament runs from the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra to the tubercle of a rib?
The lateral costotransverse ligament
Which ligament attaches to both the neck of the rib and the tranverse process of a thoracic vertebra?
The costotransverse ligament
what type of joints are costovertebral and costotransverse?
synovial
False ribs are defined as:
Ribs that articulate with the costal cartilages of the ribs above
Which muscles attach to the ribs between the tubercle and angle?
Levator costarum
Which of the following is NOT true about intercostal muscles?
1) Internal intercostal is membranous anteriorly
2) Transversus thoracis is located on the same plane as innermost intercostal
3) Innermost intercostal muscles all attach to two adjacent ribs e.g. 7 and 8
4) External intercostal is membranous anteriorly
Internal intercostal is membranous anteriorly
If an individual has a manubrium longer than 5cm it is possible the sternal angle is found where?
Where the third costal cartilage joins the sternum
Which thoracic condition produces paradoxical movement of part of the thoracic wall?
Flail chest
Which of the following is NOT an attachment of the diaphragm?
1) Thoracic vertebrae
2) Xiphoid process
3) Lumbar vertebrae
4) Costal margin
Thoracic vertebrae
