Leg Flashcards
What are the three surfaces of the tibia?
What are the three borders of the tibia?
Surfaces = medial, lateral, posterior
Borders = anterior, posterior, interosseous
What attaches to the gerdy tubercle? Where is the gerdy tubercle?
Gerdy Tubercle is on the lateral condyle of the tibia. The ITB attaches to gerdy tubercle.
What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint? What makes up the tibiofibular joint?
(Superior joint)
It is a plane synovial joint and it is supported by the anterior ligament of the fibular head and posterior ligament of the fibular head.
(lots of movement, there is a joint capsule, articular surface)
What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint? What makes up the tibiofibular joint?
(inferior)
Syndesmosis (fibrous) joint
Made up of:
1) Anterior tiiofibular ligament
2) posterior tibiofibular ligmanet
3) Interosseous tibiofibular ligament
Allows the fibula to rotate laterally and move inferiorly or superiorly in relation to the tibia
Fibres of ligaments travel inferiorly from tibia to fibula
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Hinge Synovial joint
What surface articulates with the tibia at the Talocrural joint?
The trochlear surface articulates with the tibia
The medial and lateral malleoli articulate with what at the talocrural joint?
medial and lateral surface of the talar body
How many degrees of dorsi flexion occurs at the talocrural joint?
20 degrees
how much plantar flexion occurs at the talocrural joint?
30-50 degrees
Is the Trochlea wider anteriorly or posteriorly?
Anteriorly
Stability of the talocrural joint increases with ________ and decreases with _______. Why is this?
Stability increases with dorsiflexion and decreases with plantarflexion and this is because the trochlea is wider anteriorly
When the foot is in plantarflexion what movements are possible at the talocrural joint?
Some inversion, eversion, abduction, and adduction
What is close packed position of the talocrural joint?
When the foot is in dorsiflexion. the anterior part
What are the ligmanets of the ankle at the talocrural joint?
anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
interosseus ligament
interosseus membrane
What are the medial ligaments of the ankle?
anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
What is the most commonly injured ligament in the body?
anterior talofibular ligament
What covers the anterior compartment of the leg
covered anteriorly by thick fascia proximally and extensor retinacula inferiorly
The posterior compartment is divided into what two groups and what is it divided by
divided into superficial and deep muscle groups by the transverse intermuscular septum
Which muscle of the leg is the strongest dorsiflexor?
Tibialis anterior
At the talocrural joint the trochlear surface of the talus articulates with:
The tibia
what attaches to the base of the first metatarsal?
Tibialis anterior
What is the distal attachment of fibularis tertius?
Dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal
Which muscle attaches to the inferior third of the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane?
Fibularis tertius
Movement at which of the following is necessary for dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint to occur?
The tibiofibular joint, the tibiofibular syndesmosis and the talocrural joint
Which muscle attaches to the navicular tuberosity?
Tibialis posterior
What is the distal attachment of fibularis brevis?
Dorsal surface of the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum longus?
Deep fibular nerve
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
The anterior intermuscular septum of the leg separates the:
Anterior and lateral compartments
What is the action of popliteus?
Medially rotates tibia in open kinetic chain
What is the proximal attachment of fibularis longus?
Head and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
The close-packed position of the talocrural joint is:
Dorsiflexion
What is the proximal attachment of soleus?
Posterior aspect of the head of the fibula and soleal line of tibia
How many degrees of dorsiflexion are possible at the talocrural joint from the anatomical position?
20
What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?
Plane synovial
Which leg muscle do around 4% of people not have?
Fibularis tertius
Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?
Tibial
The ligaments and interosseous membrane joining the tibia and fibula prevent:
Inferior movement of the fibula
The anterior talofibular ligament is the:
Most sprained ligament in the body
What is the distal attachment of popliteus?
Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line
Which nerve innervates the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibial nerve
Which nerve innervates fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular
“Ski boot syndrome” may be caused by entrapment of which nerve?
Deep fibular
What attaches to the interosseous membrane of the leg?
Extensor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus
Which bones does the medial ligament of the ankle attach to?
Tibia, calcaneus, talus and navicular
Which nerve innervates fibularis brevis?
Superficial fibular
Which of the following everts and weakly plantarflexes the foot?
Fibularis longus
The action of tibialis posterior is to:
Plantarflex and invert the foot
Which muscle extends the first digit of the foot and also dorsiflexes the foot?
Extensor hallucis longus
Which of the following attaches to the posterior surface of the tibia?
Flexor digitorum longus
Which nerve innervates fibularis tertius?
Deep fibular
Which nerve innervates soleus?
Tibial
Which of the following attaches to the middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits of the foot?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following plantarflexes the foot but does not flex the leg at the knee?
Soleus
Which of the following attaches to the lateral supracondylar line of the femur?
Plantaris
What is between the tibia and fibula at the tibiofibular syndesmosis?
The interosseous tibiofibular ligament
Which nerve innervates popliteus?
Tibial
The trochlea of the talus is wider anteriorly or posteriorly
Anteriorly
The lateral ligament of the ankle is otherwise known as:
The anterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneofibular ligament and the posterior talofibular ligament
The most congruent joint in the body is the:
Talocrural Joint
Which muscle flexes digits 2-5 of the foot and plantarflexes the foot?
Flexor digitorum longus
How many degrees of plantarflexion are possible at the talocrural joint from the anatomical position?
30-50
The orientation of the tibiofibular joint:
may vary from almost vertical to almost horizontal
The posterior intermuscular septum of the leg separates the:
lateral and posterior compartments
The transverse intermuscular septum divides:
the posterior leg compartment into superficial and deep muscle groups
Anterior compartment syndrome may be caused by:
Inflammation of the muscles of the compartment caused by strenuous exercise
An infection in the anterior compartment
Bleeding from the anterior tibial vessels
Which nerve innervates flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial
What is the distal attachment of fibularis longus?
The plantar aspect of the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
What is the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus?
Base of the 1st distal phalanx
What platarflexes the foot and flexes the knee?
Gastrocnemius
The medial ligament of the ankle is so strong that a really bad sprain will often result in:
Avulsion of the medial malleolus
Which muscle is the primary inverter of the foot?
Tibialis posterior
Where is the fibular notch?
Distal lateral tibia
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus?
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia
The closed-packed position of the talocrural joint is:
Dorsiflexion
Which feature of the tibia faces towards the fibula?
The interosseous border
