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BMS172 - anatomy lower limb > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three surfaces of the tibia?

What are the three borders of the tibia?

A

Surfaces = medial, lateral, posterior

Borders = anterior, posterior, interosseous

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2
Q

What attaches to the gerdy tubercle? Where is the gerdy tubercle?

A

Gerdy Tubercle is on the lateral condyle of the tibia. The ITB attaches to gerdy tubercle.

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3
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint? What makes up the tibiofibular joint?

(Superior joint)

A

It is a plane synovial joint and it is supported by the anterior ligament of the fibular head and posterior ligament of the fibular head.

(lots of movement, there is a joint capsule, articular surface)

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4
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint? What makes up the tibiofibular joint?

(inferior)

A

Syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

Made up of:

1) Anterior tiiofibular ligament
2) posterior tibiofibular ligmanet
3) Interosseous tibiofibular ligament

Allows the fibula to rotate laterally and move inferiorly or superiorly in relation to the tibia

Fibres of ligaments travel inferiorly from tibia to fibula

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5
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Hinge Synovial joint

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6
Q

What surface articulates with the tibia at the Talocrural joint?

A

The trochlear surface articulates with the tibia

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7
Q

The medial and lateral malleoli articulate with what at the talocrural joint?

A

medial and lateral surface of the talar body

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8
Q

How many degrees of dorsi flexion occurs at the talocrural joint?

A

20 degrees

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9
Q

how much plantar flexion occurs at the talocrural joint?

A

30-50 degrees

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10
Q

Is the Trochlea wider anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly

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11
Q

Stability of the talocrural joint increases with ________ and decreases with _______. Why is this?

A

Stability increases with dorsiflexion and decreases with plantarflexion and this is because the trochlea is wider anteriorly

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12
Q

When the foot is in plantarflexion what movements are possible at the talocrural joint?

A

Some inversion, eversion, abduction, and adduction

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13
Q

What is close packed position of the talocrural joint?

A

When the foot is in dorsiflexion. the anterior part

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14
Q

What are the ligmanets of the ankle at the talocrural joint?

A

anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
interosseus ligament
interosseus membrane

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15
Q

What are the medial ligaments of the ankle?

A

anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar

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16
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament

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17
Q

What is the most commonly injured ligament in the body?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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18
Q

What covers the anterior compartment of the leg

A

covered anteriorly by thick fascia proximally and extensor retinacula inferiorly

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19
Q

The posterior compartment is divided into what two groups and what is it divided by

A

divided into superficial and deep muscle groups by the transverse intermuscular septum

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20
Q

Which muscle of the leg is the strongest dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

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21
Q

At the talocrural joint the trochlear surface of the talus articulates with:

A

The tibia

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22
Q

what attaches to the base of the first metatarsal?

A

Tibialis anterior

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal

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24
Q

Which muscle attaches to the inferior third of the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane?

A

Fibularis tertius

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25
Q

Movement at which of the following is necessary for dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint to occur?

A

The tibiofibular joint, the tibiofibular syndesmosis and the talocrural joint

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26
Q

Which muscle attaches to the navicular tuberosity?

A

Tibialis posterior

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27
Q

What is the distal attachment of fibularis brevis?

A

Dorsal surface of the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal

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28
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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29
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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30
Q

The anterior intermuscular septum of the leg separates the:

A

Anterior and lateral compartments

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31
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

Medially rotates tibia in open kinetic chain

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32
Q

What is the proximal attachment of fibularis longus?

A

Head and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

33
Q

The close-packed position of the talocrural joint is:

A

Dorsiflexion

34
Q

What is the proximal attachment of soleus?

A

Posterior aspect of the head of the fibula and soleal line of tibia

35
Q

How many degrees of dorsiflexion are possible at the talocrural joint from the anatomical position?

A

20

36
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?

A

Plane synovial

37
Q

Which leg muscle do around 4% of people not have?

A

Fibularis tertius

38
Q

Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial

39
Q

The ligaments and interosseous membrane joining the tibia and fibula prevent:

A

Inferior movement of the fibula

40
Q

The anterior talofibular ligament is the:

A

Most sprained ligament in the body

41
Q

What is the distal attachment of popliteus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The tibial nerve

43
Q

Which nerve innervates fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular

44
Q

“Ski boot syndrome” may be caused by entrapment of which nerve?

A

Deep fibular

45
Q

What attaches to the interosseous membrane of the leg?

A

Extensor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus

46
Q

Which bones does the medial ligament of the ankle attach to?

A

Tibia, calcaneus, talus and navicular

47
Q

Which nerve innervates fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular

48
Q

Which of the following everts and weakly plantarflexes the foot?

A

Fibularis longus

49
Q

The action of tibialis posterior is to:

A

Plantarflex and invert the foot

50
Q

Which muscle extends the first digit of the foot and also dorsiflexes the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

51
Q

Which of the following attaches to the posterior surface of the tibia?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

52
Q

Which nerve innervates fibularis tertius?

A

Deep fibular

53
Q

Which nerve innervates soleus?

A

Tibial

54
Q

Which of the following attaches to the middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

55
Q

Which of the following plantarflexes the foot but does not flex the leg at the knee?

A

Soleus

56
Q

Which of the following attaches to the lateral supracondylar line of the femur?

A

Plantaris

57
Q

What is between the tibia and fibula at the tibiofibular syndesmosis?

A

The interosseous tibiofibular ligament

58
Q

Which nerve innervates popliteus?

A

Tibial

59
Q

The trochlea of the talus is wider anteriorly or posteriorly

A

Anteriorly

60
Q

The lateral ligament of the ankle is otherwise known as:

A

The anterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneofibular ligament and the posterior talofibular ligament

61
Q

The most congruent joint in the body is the:

A

Talocrural Joint

62
Q

Which muscle flexes digits 2-5 of the foot and plantarflexes the foot?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

63
Q

How many degrees of plantarflexion are possible at the talocrural joint from the anatomical position?

A

30-50

64
Q

The orientation of the tibiofibular joint:

A

may vary from almost vertical to almost horizontal

65
Q

The posterior intermuscular septum of the leg separates the:

A

lateral and posterior compartments

66
Q

The transverse intermuscular septum divides:

A

the posterior leg compartment into superficial and deep muscle groups

67
Q

Anterior compartment syndrome may be caused by:

A

Inflammation of the muscles of the compartment caused by strenuous exercise

An infection in the anterior compartment

Bleeding from the anterior tibial vessels

68
Q

Which nerve innervates flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial

69
Q

What is the distal attachment of fibularis longus?

A

The plantar aspect of the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

70
Q

What is the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Base of the 1st distal phalanx

71
Q

What platarflexes the foot and flexes the knee?

A

Gastrocnemius

72
Q

The medial ligament of the ankle is so strong that a really bad sprain will often result in:

A

Avulsion of the medial malleolus

73
Q

Which muscle is the primary inverter of the foot?

A

Tibialis posterior

74
Q

Where is the fibular notch?

A

Distal lateral tibia

75
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

76
Q

What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia

77
Q

The closed-packed position of the talocrural joint is:

A

Dorsiflexion

78
Q

Which feature of the tibia faces towards the fibula?

A

The interosseous border

BMS172 - anatomy lower limb (13 decks)

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