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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle attaches the inner border of the 1st rib?

A

Scalenus anterior

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2
Q

What sign can be seen on CXR in coarctation of the aorta?

A

Notching of ribs due to dilatation of the intercostal vessels to form collateral circulation causing erosion

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3
Q

List potential consequences of cervical ribs

A

Post-stenotic dilatation of the subclavian artery
Subclavian vein thrombosis
Pressure on lower trunk of brachial plexus causing wasting of small muscles in hand (C8/T1)

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4
Q

What level is the trachea?

A

C6-T5

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5
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

Where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum - second costal cartilage

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6
Q

Which muscle attaches to the upper surface of the 2nd rib?

A

Serratus anterior

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7
Q

Name the 3 layers of intercostal muscles

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

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8
Q

What passes through the caval hiatus? (T8)

A

IVC
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What passes through the oesophageal hiatus? (T10)

A

Oesophagus
Right and left vagus nerves
Oesophageal branches of the left gastric vessels

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10
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus? (T12)

A

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

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11
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta begin?

A

Lower edge of T4 vertebra

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12
Q

Where does the thoracic duct originate?

A

Cisterna chyli

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13
Q

Which veins join to form the azygos vein?

A

Right lumbar vein
Right subcostal vein

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14
Q

Which veins join to form the hemiazygos vein?

A

Left lumbar vein
Left subcostal vein

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15
Q

At what level does the hemiazygos vein join the azygos vein?

A

T8

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16
Q

Which veins join to form the accessory hemiazygos vein?

A

4th-8th intercostal veins

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17
Q

What level does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain into the azygos vein?

A

T7

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18
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

2 left, 2 right

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19
Q

Name a structure that increases the capacity of the right atrium

A

Right auricle

20
Q

Name the muscular ridge which divides the inferior right atrium into two parts embryologically

A

Crista terminalis

21
Q

What embryological structure is the sinus veranum dervied from?

A

Sinus venosus

22
Q

Which part of the right atrium is posterior to the crista terminalis?

A

Sinus venarum

23
Q

Which part of the right atrium is anterior to the crista terminalis?

A

Atrium proper

24
Q

What embryological structure is the atrium proper dervied from?

A

Primitive atrium

25
Q

Where does the coronary sinus open in the heart?

A

Into the right atrium between the IVC and the right atrioventricular orifice

26
Q

What is the fossa ovalis a remnant of?

A

Foramen ovale

27
Q

Which structure forms the posterior border of the heart?

A

Left atrium

28
Q

Which structure forms the anterior border of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

29
Q

Where is the supraventricular crest?

A

Right ventricle

30
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the conus arteriosus and aortic vestibule?

A

Bulbus cordis

31
Q

Which structure forms the apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

32
Q

Which is the function of the papillary muscles in the heart?

A

Prevent prolapse of the valve leaflets during systole

33
Q

What are the four abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

VSD
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary valve stenosis
RVH

34
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

Upper wall of right atrium where the SVC enters

35
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

Within the atrioventricular septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus

36
Q

How long are impulses delayed at the AV node?

A

120ms

37
Q

Which layer of the heart are the purkinje fibres located?

A

Subendocardial layer

38
Q

Where do the veins in the heart drain into?

A

Coronary sinus

39
Q

What is the main vein that drains the heart?

A

Great cardiac vein

40
Q

Which artery is occluded in an inferior MI?

A

RCA

41
Q

Which artery is occluded in a anterolateral MI?

A

Circumflex artery

42
Q

Which artery is occluded in a posterior MI?

A

RCA

43
Q

What level is the horizontal fissure in the right lung?

A

4th rib

44
Q

Why are foreign bodies more likely to enter the right main bronchus?

A

Wider and more vertical course

45
Q

Which nerve supplies the trachea?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

46
Q

Which artery supplies the trachea?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

47
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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