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Anatomy > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 layers of the SCALP

A

S - skin
C - dense Connective tissue
A - epicranial aponeurosis
L - loose areolar connective tissue
P

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2
Q

Which bones form the pterion?

A

Temoral, front, parietal, sphenoid

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3
Q

Which arteries supply the scalp?

A

Superficial temoral
Posterior auricular
Occipital

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4
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?

A

Opposite the upper second molar tooth

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5
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

A branch of the facial nerve which transmits sensory fibres for taste from the tongue

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6
Q

What are the limbs of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Efferent - vagus nerve (CN X)

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7
Q

Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

What is the Stensen duct?

A

Parotid duct

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9
Q

Which artery arises from the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular artery

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10
Q

What are the two terminal branches of external carotid?

A

Maxillary artery
Superficial temoral artery

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11
Q

Which vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

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12
Q

Which two structures pass along the medial aspect of the sublingual gland?

A

Lingual nerve
Submandibular duct

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13
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Mucocele of sublingual glands

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14
Q

Which arteries supply the sublingual gland?

A

Submental
Sublingual

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15
Q

Which nerves are closely related to the submandibular gland?

A

Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Facial nerve

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16
Q

Which structure increases the surface area of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal conchae

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17
Q

Where in the nasal cavity does the nasolacrimal duct open?

A

Inferior meatus

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18
Q

What nerves are found in the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory

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19
Q

Which structures pass through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery
Nasopalatine nerve
Superior nasal nerve

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20
Q

Which structures pass through the incisive canal?

A

Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine artery

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21
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Anterior third of the nasal cavity - where epistaxis is most likely to occur

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22
Q

Which structure marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses in the nasal cavity and where is it?

A

Semilunar hiatus
Located on the lateral wall of the middle meatus

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23
Q

Which bone is the cribiform plate part of?

A

Ethmoid

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24
Q

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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25
Q

Why can sinusitis present with toothache?

A

Maxillary nerve supplies the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth

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26
Q

Which structures pass through the greater palatine foramen?

A

Greater palatine nerve and vessels

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27
Q

Which structures pass through the lesser palatine foramina?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

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28
Q

Which nerve supplies the majority of muscles of the soft palate?

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

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29
Q

How many teeth do adults have?

A

16

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30
Q

Where does the temporalis muscle attach to the mandible?

A

Coronoid process

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31
Q

Which muscle attaches to the neck of the mandibular ramus?

A

Lateral pteygoid

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32
Q

Which muscle inserts into the angle of the mandible?

A

Medial pterygoid

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33
Q

Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

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34
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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35
Q

Which nerves supply sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Touch - lingual nerve - branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Taste - chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve (CN VIII)

36
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue?

A

Lingual artery - ECA
Lingual vein - IJV

37
Q

Name the structure which marks the junction between the anterior and posterior tongue based on embryological origin

A

Foramen cecum

38
Q

Which embryological structure do the muscles of mastication originate from?

A

First pharyngeal arch

39
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

40
Q

Which structures pass through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

41
Q

Which structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Nasociliary nerve
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Superior ophthalmic vein

42
Q

Which structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Sympathetic nerves

43
Q

Which structure in the eyeball do the extraocular muscles attach?

A

Sclera

44
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Retraction of light entering the eye

45
Q

What is the function of the choroid in the eye?

A

Provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

46
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

Controls the shape of the lens
Contributes to the formation of aqueous humour

47
Q

Where is the macula found?

A

Centre of the retina

48
Q

Name the depression in the macula that contains a high concentration of light detecting cell

A

Fovea centralis

49
Q

Where does aqueous humour drain?

A

Schlemms canal

50
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct empty into?

A

Inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

51
Q

Name the glands that around the eyelash

A

Meibomian glands

52
Q

What the the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Superior branch of oculomotor nerve (CN III)

53
Q

What is the innervation of the eyelid?

A

Upper - V1
Lower - V2

54
Q

Which nerve supplies superior, medial and inferior rectus?

A

Oculomotor CN III

55
Q

Which nerve supplies lateral rectus?

A

Abducens CN VI

56
Q

Which nerve supplies superior oblique?

A

Trochlear CN IV

57
Q

Which nerve supplies inferior oblique?

A

Oculomotor CN III

58
Q

What is the triad of symptoms in Horner’s syndrome?

A

Partial ptosis
Miosis (constriction)

59
Q

Which eyelid muscle is innervated by SNS?

A

Superior tarsal muscle

60
Q

Which structures pass through the superior oribital fissure of the sphenoid bone?

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI
Ophthalmic veins
Sympathetic fibres

61
Q

Which structure passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 - Maxillary nerve

62
Q

Which nerve passes through the foreamen ovale of the sphenoid bone?

A

CN V3 - Mandibular nerve

63
Q

Which structures pass through the foremen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein
Meningeal branch of CN V3

64
Q

Which structures pass through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery
Deep petrosal nerve

65
Q

Name a forament in the middle cranial fossa that is filled with cartilage

A

Foramen lacerum

66
Q

Which structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone?

A

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Labyrinthine artery

67
Q

Which structures pass through the foramen ovale of the occipital bone?

A

Medulla
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Spinal accessory nerve (ascending)
Dural veins
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

68
Q

Which structures pass through the jugular foramina?

A

CN IX
CN X
CN XI

69
Q

What causes cauliflower ear deformity?

A

Auricular haematoma leads to AVN of the external ear cartilage

70
Q

What is the main function of the inner ear?

A

Transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

71
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes

72
Q

Name the two muscles involved in the acoustic reflex which acts to dampen signals from loud noise

A

Stapedius
Tensor tympani

73
Q

Which structures pass through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

74
Q

Name the sweat glands in the eyelid

A

Ciliary glands of Moll

75
Q

Name the sebaceous glands in the eyelid

A

Glands of Zeis

76
Q

Where are the Meibomian glands found?

A

Tarsal plates of the eyelid

77
Q

What is the function of the Meibomian glands?

A

Secrete an oily substance onto the eye to slow the evaporation of the eye’s tear film

78
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Painless granuloma of the Meibomian glands

79
Q

Which nerves supply the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Sympathetic nerves from superior cervical ganglion

80
Q

Which structure do the extraocular nerve attach to?

A

Sclera

81
Q

Which structure produces aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary body

82
Q

Describe a third nerve palsy

A

Eyeball down and out
Partial ptosis

83
Q

Describe a fourth nerve palsy

A

Diplopia when looking down
Head tilt away from site of lesion

84
Q

Describe a sixth nerve palsy

A

Adduction

85
Q

Which structure in the anterior cranial fossa does the tentorium cerebelli attach?

A

Lesser wings of sphenoid (anterior clinoid processes)

86
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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