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Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures pass through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves

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2
Q

Which spinal level is the thyroid gland?

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

Which type of neck lump rises on tongue protrusion?

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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4
Q

Which artery does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

External carotid

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5
Q

Which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

A

Thyrocervical trunk - branch of subclavian artery

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6
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid

A

Superior and middle drain into internal jugular vein
Inferior drains into brachiocephalic vein

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7
Q

Which lymph nodes does the thyroid drain to?

A

Paratracheal
Deep cervical

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8
Q

Which embryological structure are the superior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

Fourth pharyngeal pouch

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9
Q

Which embryological structure are the inferior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

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10
Q

Which artery is the main blood supply to the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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11
Q

What spinal level is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

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12
Q

Which ligament attaches to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone?

A

Stylohyoid

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13
Q

What is the function of middle scalene?

A

Elevation of the first rib
Lateral flexion of the neck

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14
Q

What is the function of anterior scalene?

A

Elevation of the first rib
Anterior flexion of the neck

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15
Q

What is the function of posterior scalene?

A

Elevation of the second rib
Lateral flexion of the neck

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16
Q

Which important structures pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

A

Brachial plexus
Subclavian artery

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17
Q

Name a muscle that depresses the thyroid cartilage

A

Sternothyroid

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18
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is supplied by the facial nerve?

A

Stylohyoid

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19
Q

What is the function of the digastric and geniohyoid muscle?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone
Depress the mandible

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20
Q

Which muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Mylohyoid

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21
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the oropharynx?

A

Superior - soft palate
Inferior - superior border of the epiglottis

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22
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the laryngopharynx?

A

Superior - superior border of epiglottis
Inferior - inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

How do the laryngopharynx and larynx communicate?

A

Laryngeal inlet

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24
Q

Between which two muscles is a pharyngeal pouch located?

A

Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

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25
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?
Vagus nerve
26
Where do all the pharyngeal constrictors insert posteriorly?
Pharyngeal raphe
27
What is the action of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?
Shorten and widen pharynx Elevate larynx duirng swallowing
28
Which pharyngeal muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Stylopharyngeus
29
Which nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve External laryngeal nerve Superior cervical gangion (sympathetic fibres)
30
Which nerve supplies the anterior and superior aspect of the nasopharynx?
Maxillary nerve (V2)
31
Which nerve supplies the inferior aspect of the laryngopharynx?
Internal branch of the vagus nerve
32
Where is the arterial supply to the pharynx derived from?
External carotid artery
33
Which vein does the pharynx drain into?
Internal jugular vein
34
Which spinal levels does the larynx span?
C3-6
35
What is Sellick's manoeuvre?
Pressure is applied to the cricoid during RSI intubation when a patient is not fasted to prevent regurgitation of gastric contents
36
What are the superior and inferior borders of the supraglottic region of the larynx?
Superior - inferior surface of the epiglottis Inferior - vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
37
What is the name of the opening between the vocal cords?
Rima glottidis
38
What is the epithelial lining of the larynx?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
39
Which vessels do the laryngeal arteries arise from?
Thyroid arteries
40
Which vein does the superior laryngeal vein drain into?
Internal jugular vein
41
Which vein does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?
Left brachiocephalic vein
42
Which nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? (except cricothyroid)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
43
Which nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
44
Which type of vocal cord palsy is a surgical emergency and why?
Bilateral partial paralysis Vocal cords paralysed in adducted position, completely closing the rima glottidis resulting in complete airway obstruction
45
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
Superior - inferior border of mandible Lateral - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid Medial - sagittal line down the midline of the neck
46
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle Lateral - medial border of SCM Inferior - superior belly of omohyoid
47
List the contents of the carotid triangle
Common carotid artery (which bifurcates into internal and external within the triangle) Internal jugular vein Hypoglossal nerve Vagus nerve
48
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
Inferior - hyoid bone Medial - midline of the neck Lateral - anterior belly of digastric
49
Which structure forms the floor of the submental triangle?
Mylohyoid bone
50
Which blood vessels pass through the submandibular triangle?
Facial artery and vein
51
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
Superior - body of the mandible Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle Posterior - posterior belly of the digastric muscle
52
List the contents of the muscular triangle
Infrahyoid muscles Pharynx Thyroid Parathyroid
53
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Superior - hyoid bone Medial - midline of the neck Superiolateral - superior belly of omohypoid Inferolateral - inferior portion of SCM
54
What is the anatomical name for the Adam's apple?
Laryngeal prominence
55
Which part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage?
Inferior horns
56
Which structure connects the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?
Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
57
Which cartilage does the cricoid articulate with posteriorly?
Arytenoid
58
Name the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx
Corniculate Cuneiform Arytenoid
59
Which structures pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
Superior laryngeal vessels Internal laryngeal nerve
60
Which ligaments free edge forms the vocal ligament?
Cricothyroid ligament
61
Which structure is divided to obtain emergency front of neck access to the airway?
Cricothyroid ligament
62
Which structure is the "false" vocal cords?
Vestibular folds
63
Which structure forms the vestibular ligament?
Free lower edge of the quadrangular membrane
64
Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal branch of RLN)
65
Which muscle causes abduction of the vocal folds?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
66
Which muscle causes adduction of the vocal folds?
Lateral cricoartytenoid
67
Name the 4 tonsillar structures that make up Waldeyer's ring
Pharyngeal tonsil Tubal tonsils x 2 Palatine tonsils x 2 Lingual tonsil
68
Which lymph node does the lingual tonsil and palatine tonsils drain to?
Jugulodigastric
69
Which tonsil is found at the roof of the nasopharynx?
Pharyngeal
70
Which tonsils are commonly referred to as "the tonsils"?
Palatine tonsils
71
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
Anterior - posterior border of SCM Posterior - anterior border of trapezius Inferior - middle 3rd of clavicle
72
Which muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?
Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
73
Which muscle divides the posterior triangle in two?
Omohyoid
74
Which two veins form the external jugular vein?
Posterior auricular Retromandibular
75
Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?
Subclavian vein
76
Which cranial nerve crosses the posterior triangle?
Accessory nerve
77
At which level does the common carotid split into internal and external?
C4 - thyroid cartilage
78
In which area of the neck is the carotid sinus located?
Carotid triangle in the anterior triangle
79
Within which structure does the external carotid artery terminate?
Parotid gland
80
Name the three arteries that supply the scalp
Posterior auricular Occipital Superficial temoral
81
What is the weakest part of the skull?
Pterion
82
Which artery do the vertebral arteries arise from?
Subclavian arteries
83
Which arteries converge to form the basilar artery?
Vertebral arteries
84
Which two veins combine to form the brachocephalic vein?
Internal jugular Subclavian
85
Which ligament is damaged in Whiplash?
Anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
86
Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?
C1-4
87
Which group of muscles are supplied by ansa cervicalis (C1-3)?
Infrahyoids
88
List the contents of the carotid sheath
Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Cervical lymph nodes
89

Anatomy (10 decks)

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