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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures pass through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves

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2
Q

Which spinal level is the thyroid gland?

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

Which type of neck lump rises on tongue protrusion?

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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4
Q

Which artery does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

External carotid

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5
Q

Which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

A

Thyrocervical trunk - branch of subclavian artery

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6
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid

A

Superior and middle drain into internal jugular vein
Inferior drains into brachiocephalic vein

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7
Q

Which lymph nodes does the thyroid drain to?

A

Paratracheal
Deep cervical

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8
Q

Which embryological structure are the superior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

Fourth pharyngeal pouch

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9
Q

Which embryological structure are the inferior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

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10
Q

Which artery is the main blood supply to the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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11
Q

What spinal level is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

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12
Q

Which ligament attaches to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone?

A

Stylohyoid

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13
Q

What is the function of middle scalene?

A

Elevation of the first rib
Lateral flexion of the neck

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14
Q

What is the function of anterior scalene?

A

Elevation of the first rib
Anterior flexion of the neck

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15
Q

What is the function of posterior scalene?

A

Elevation of the second rib
Lateral flexion of the neck

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16
Q

Which important structures pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

A

Brachial plexus
Subclavian artery

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17
Q

Name a muscle that depresses the thyroid cartilage

A

Sternothyroid

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18
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is supplied by the facial nerve?

A

Stylohyoid

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19
Q

What is the function of the digastric and geniohyoid muscle?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone
Depress the mandible

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20
Q

Which muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Mylohyoid

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21
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the oropharynx?

A

Superior - soft palate
Inferior - superior border of the epiglottis

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22
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the laryngopharynx?

A

Superior - superior border of epiglottis
Inferior - inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

How do the laryngopharynx and larynx communicate?

A

Laryngeal inlet

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24
Q

Between which two muscles is a pharyngeal pouch located?

A

Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

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25
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

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26
Q

Where do all the pharyngeal constrictors insert posteriorly?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

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27
Q

What is the action of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?

A

Shorten and widen pharynx
Elevate larynx duirng swallowing

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28
Q

Which pharyngeal muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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29
Q

Which nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
External laryngeal nerve
Superior cervical gangion (sympathetic fibres)

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30
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior and superior aspect of the nasopharynx?

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

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31
Q

Which nerve supplies the inferior aspect of the laryngopharynx?

A

Internal branch of the vagus nerve

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32
Q

Where is the arterial supply to the pharynx derived from?

A

External carotid artery

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33
Q

Which vein does the pharynx drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

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34
Q

Which spinal levels does the larynx span?

A

C3-6

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35
Q

What is Sellick’s manoeuvre?

A

Pressure is applied to the cricoid during RSI intubation when a patient is not fasted to prevent regurgitation of gastric contents

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36
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the supraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Superior - inferior surface of the epiglottis
Inferior - vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

37
Q

What is the name of the opening between the vocal cords?

A

Rima glottidis

38
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the larynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

39
Q

Which vessels do the laryngeal arteries arise from?

A

Thyroid arteries

40
Q

Which vein does the superior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

41
Q

Which vein does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

42
Q

Which nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? (except cricothyroid)

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

43
Q

Which nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

44
Q

Which type of vocal cord palsy is a surgical emergency and why?

A

Bilateral partial paralysis
Vocal cords paralysed in adducted position, completely closing the rima glottidis resulting in complete airway obstruction

45
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior - inferior border of mandible
Lateral - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Medial - sagittal line down the midline of the neck

46
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - medial border of SCM
Inferior - superior belly of omohyoid

47
Q

List the contents of the carotid triangle

A

Common carotid artery (which bifurcates into internal and external within the triangle)
Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve

48
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

A

Inferior - hyoid bone
Medial - midline of the neck
Lateral - anterior belly of digastric

49
Q

Which structure forms the floor of the submental triangle?

A

Mylohyoid bone

50
Q

Which blood vessels pass through the submandibular triangle?

A

Facial artery and vein

51
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Superior - body of the mandible
Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posterior - posterior belly of the digastric muscle

52
Q

List the contents of the muscular triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles
Pharynx
Thyroid
Parathyroid

53
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Superior - hyoid bone
Medial - midline of the neck
Superiolateral - superior belly of omohypoid
Inferolateral - inferior portion of SCM

54
Q

What is the anatomical name for the Adam’s apple?

A

Laryngeal prominence

55
Q

Which part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage?

A

Inferior horns

56
Q

Which structure connects the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

A

Lateral thyrohyoid ligament

57
Q

Which cartilage does the cricoid articulate with posteriorly?

A

Arytenoid

58
Q

Name the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx

A

Corniculate
Cuneiform
Arytenoid

59
Q

Which structures pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal vessels
Internal laryngeal nerve

60
Q

Which ligaments free edge forms the vocal ligament?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

61
Q

Which structure is divided to obtain emergency front of neck access to the airway?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

62
Q

Which structure is the “false” vocal cords?

A

Vestibular folds

63
Q

Which structure forms the vestibular ligament?

A

Free lower edge of the quadrangular membrane

64
Q

Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal branch of RLN)

65
Q

Which muscle causes abduction of the vocal folds?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

66
Q

Which muscle causes adduction of the vocal folds?

A

Lateral cricoartytenoid

67
Q

Name the 4 tonsillar structures that make up Waldeyer’s ring

A

Pharyngeal tonsil
Tubal tonsils x 2
Palatine tonsils x 2
Lingual tonsil

68
Q

Which lymph node does the lingual tonsil and palatine tonsils drain to?

A

Jugulodigastric

69
Q

Which tonsil is found at the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal

70
Q

Which tonsils are commonly referred to as “the tonsils”?

A

Palatine tonsils

71
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior - posterior border of SCM
Posterior - anterior border of trapezius
Inferior - middle 3rd of clavicle

72
Q

Which muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

73
Q

Which muscle divides the posterior triangle in two?

A

Omohyoid

74
Q

Which two veins form the external jugular vein?

A

Posterior auricular
Retromandibular

75
Q

Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

76
Q

Which cranial nerve crosses the posterior triangle?

A

Accessory nerve

77
Q

At which level does the common carotid split into internal and external?

A

C4 - thyroid cartilage

78
Q

In which area of the neck is the carotid sinus located?

A

Carotid triangle in the anterior triangle

79
Q

Within which structure does the external carotid artery terminate?

A

Parotid gland

80
Q

Name the three arteries that supply the scalp

A

Posterior auricular
Occipital
Superficial temoral

81
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

82
Q

Which artery do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian arteries

83
Q

Which arteries converge to form the basilar artery?

A

Vertebral arteries

84
Q

Which two veins combine to form the brachocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular
Subclavian

85
Q

Which ligament is damaged in Whiplash?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

86
Q

Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

87
Q

Which group of muscles are supplied by ansa cervicalis (C1-3)?

A

Infrahyoids

88
Q

List the contents of the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Cervical lymph nodes

89
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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