thorax Flashcards
2) Fistulography is more accurate than ultrasonography at detecting foreign material in patients with chronic draining tracts. True or false?
a) True
b) false
B
4) what ultrasonographic findings are most useful to rule in/out pneumothorax (more than one answer may be correct)?
a) Lung point
b) shred sign
c) Glide sign
d) A lines
4) A, C. (A lines can be misleading, lung point 100% specific)
5) Which of these statements is false:
a) A cystic cranial mediastinal mass is more likely to be a thymoma
b) a large round hypoechoic solid cranial mediastinal mass is pathognomonic for lymphoma in cats
c) Cranial mediastinal masses require cytology/histopathology for diagnosis
d) Mediastinal cysts are an occasional incidental finding in cats
B
6) You can tell the difference between neoplastic masses and granulomas by:
a) assessing vascularization with doppler
b) assessing the echogenicity
c) looking for cystic structures within the lesion
d) none of the above
D, indistinguishable
7) Masses originating from the ribs are more commonly:
a) abscesses
b) cysts
c) neoplastic
d) all of the above
C
thoracic ultrasound image:
a) torsion
b) pneumonia
c) consolidation
d) lung mass
torsion
On CT, central emphysema was surrounded by a peripheral, soft tissue attenuation band, affecting the periphery in 14 cases. No band was observed in one case, in which the lobe was entirely consolidated. Histological examination yielded a comparable peripheral band, consisting of a thickened visceral pleura with or without hemorrhagic necrosis of the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. This peripheral band may be related to the specific fractal organization of airways and vessels, which plays an important role in lung perfusion and ventilation and makes the lung periphery more prone to ischemia. Our findings suggest that the presence of a peripheral hypoechoic band, associated with central emphysema in a noncollapsed lung lobe on ultrasonography, is suggestive of compromised blood supply and air flow, and lung lobe torsion should therefore be suspected. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12918 ddx can sometimes be necrotising pneumonia
What statement regarding assess of rib fractures is incorrect?
Discontinuity of cortical alignment is a marker of rib fractures
Edge shadowing/reverberation artifacts can arise from the margin of the displaced fragment
In human literature, US increases the detection rate of rib fracture
Ultrasonography of rib fractures can be uncomfortable, which may limit patient compliance
c
Which of the following regarding rib/sternal masses is incorrect?
a- Masses cause irregular disruption of the smooth contour of the affected bone
b- Often accompanied by an intrathoracic/extrathoracic mass lesions of variable size and echogenicity
c- Most commonly neoplastic in etiology
d- Rarely involve other bones of the thoracic wall
d
Which of the following statements regarding pleural neoplasia is correct?
a- Detection of small pleural nodules and masses is easiest on radiographs, even in the presence of pleural effusion.
b- On ultrasonography, pleural neoplasia typically appears as irregular thickening, nodules, or masses of variable echogenicity associated with the pleura.
c- Pulmonary masses and parietal pleural masses cannot be differentiated using ultrasonography.
d- Pleural neoplasia lesions arising from the parietal pleura always move with respiration.
B
Which of the following statements correctly contrasts atelectasis and consolidation based on their ultrasonographic features?
a) Atelectatic lung lobes typically retain their normal shape and volume, whereas consolidated lung lobes appear as small, triangular structures.
b) Consolidated lung lobes often have an echogenicity and echotexture similar to liver, while atelectatic lung lobes always appear hypoechoic.
c) In atelectasis, small, triangular lung lobes with hyperechoic foci indicating residual air may be observed, whereas in consolidation, the lung typically retains its normal shape and air bronchograms are a common finding.
d) Atelectatic lung is typically associated with comet-tail artifacts, whereas consolidated lung lobes are echogenic due to residual air in the bronchi.
C
