Pancreas Flashcards
1) The pancreaticoduodenal vein is seen in which part of the pancreas?
a) Left lobe
b) Right lobe
c) Body
d) All of the above
B
2) The normal pancreas is usually… in dogs
a) Isoechoic to hyperechoic to the liver
b) Slightly hyperechoic compared to the liver
c) Slightly hypoechoic to isoechoic compared to the liver
d) Hypoechoic compared to the liver
a in cats isoechoic/ hyperechoic to the liver and nearly isoechoic to the mesenteric fat.
3) What is the usual thickness for a pancreas in a medium sized (15-30kg) dog?
a) 5mm
b) 8mm
c) 10mm
d) 13mm
c
4) In older cats, the pancreatic duct can be dilated up to 2.5mm without any concurrent pancreatic disorders?
a) True
b) False
a
duct dilation can also occur in pancreatitis.
chronic pancreatitis in cat is hard to assess as can look normal or be subclinical.
5) Which statement is false regarding acute pancreatitis?
a) The pancreas is enlarged
b) The pancreas becomes diffusely hyperechoic
c) The surrounding fat becomes hyperechoic and hyperattenuating
d) In dogs, the right limb is more often affected
b it is usually diffusely hypoechoic
6) Feline pancreatitis has been associated with which diseases (more than one)?
a) Hepatic lipidosis
b) Cholangiohepatitis
c) CKD
d) IBD
a,b,d
which represents oedema (may be more than one)
c,d
8) Which statements about pancreatic pseudocysts are false (2)?
a) They have not been seen in cats
b) They are difficult to distinguish between them and pancreatic abscesses
c) They are easy to distinguish between them and congenital pancreatic cysts
d) They contain pancreatic secretions originating from ruptured duct caused by pancreatitis
a,c
9) Mass effect by an inflamed right limb of the pancreas can cause displacement of the descending duodenum in which direction?
a) Dorsomedially
b) Ventromedially
c) Dorsolaterally
d) Ventrolaterally
d The right limb of the pancreas is usually located dorsomedial to the descending duodenum
10) Which statement about EPI is false?
a) The pancreatic parenchyma can be reduced in size
b) The pancreatic parenchyma is often hypoechoic
c) The pancreatic duct can be dilated
d) The intestinal tract can be hypermotile and distended with echogenic contents.
b, it is often hyperechoic
11) What is the top differential for well-defined hypo/isoechoic nodules of variable size within the pancreatic parenchyma of an older dog or cat with no changes to mesenteric fat?
a) Nodular hyperplasia
b) Insulinoma
c) Adenocarcinoma
d) Cysts
a, but it cannot be reliably distinguished with ultrasound alone
12) What is the most common type of pancreatic tumour in small animals?
a) Insulinoma
b) Adenocarcinoma
c) Gastrinoma
d) Cystadenoma
B
which is true regarding the pancreas of dogs with hyperdrenocorticism compared to the pancreas of clinically healthy dogs?
a) No statistical difference in the appearance of the pancreas on ultrasound between dogs with HAC and normal dogs
b) The pancreas was more likely to be hyperechoic in dog with HAC
c) The pancreas was more likely to be hypoechoic in dog with HAC
B
https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12261
name 3 features of necrotic/ haemorhagic/ suppurative pancreatitis?
reduced/ absent doppler flow in the lesion, irregular hypo/ anechoic areas in the pancreas or peripancreatic tissue (which could represent the early development of a pseudocyst.)
ill defined margins of the pancreas, hyperechoic surrounding mesentery. peritoneal effusion is more associated with severe haemorrhagic, necrotizing pancreatitis.
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis cannot reliably be
differentiated from chronic non-suppurative pancreatitis
based on clinicopathologic testing and/or
sonographic abnormalities
image of fluid that could be early pseudocyst formation
what is a pancreatic pseudocyst?
a) fluid-filled lesions caused by pancreatitis, they are surrounded by a capsule of fibrous tissue. The fluid is composed of pancreatic secretions originating from a ruptured duct.
b) caused by pancreatic duct blockage
c) circumscribed collections of pus, usually located within the pancreas or close to it, containing little or no pancreatic necrosis
a).
b- is retention cyst- cannot differentiate between different types on ultrasound
c- abscess
Nodular hyperplasia of the pancreas can look like:
a) hyperechoic nodules
b) iso- hyperechoic nodules
c) iso- hypoechoic nodules
d) isoechoic nodules
e) hypoechoic nodules
C
