abdominal cavity, lymph nodes are great vessels Flashcards
1) For the medial iliac lymph nodes, what ratio comparing the measurements of the short and long axis of the node is considered normal?
a) 0.2
b) 0.35
c) 0.5
d) 0.7
C
2) What is the maximal thickness of the cisterna chyli in a cat that has been seen without chylous effusion?
a) 7mm
b) 5mm
c) 4mm
d) 3mm
D
3) Non- traumatic haemoabdomen in dogs is most commonly associated with…
a) platelet disorders
b) malignancy
c) rodenticide poisoning
d) hepatopathy
B
4) How long does it usually take for effusions to disappear post non-complicated intra-abdominal surgery?
a) Up to 3 days
b) Up to 7 days
c) Up to 10 days
d) Up to 15 days
C
5) Peritoneal granulomas and pyogranulomas can be associated with which diseases? (can pick more than one)
a) Fungal disease
b) pancreatitis
c) FIP
d) Mycobacterial disease
5- A,C,D also foreign bodies such as retained surgical sponges and vegetal material eg migrating grass seeds.
6) What is the most common cause of carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis in dogs?
a) Ruptured hepatic adenocarcinoma
b) Ruptured haemangiosarcoma
c) Iatrogenic seeding of transition cell carcinoma
d) Iatrogenic seeding of prostatic adenocarcinoma
B. in cats the most common site for primary carcinomas associated with carcinomatosis are liver, pancreas and intestine.
7) Primary or metastatic neoplastic lymph nodes are commonly which echogenicity?
a) Hypoechoic
b) Isoechoic
c) Hyperechoic
d) Anechoic
A
The gastric lymph node does not drain which structures?
a) diaphragm
b) oesophagus
c) duodenum
d) omentum
D
it drains the Diaphragm, liver, esophagus, mediastinum, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and peritoneum
the pancreaticoduodenal ln drains the Duodenum, pancreas, and omentum
the gastric lns have 1 to 2 efferent vessels leaving the node drain into the left hepatic lymph node (Figure 26: c), and occasionally into one of the splenic lymph nodes as well, located on the trunk of the splenic vein. If there are 2 gastric lymph nodes, they are then connected by efferent vessels, but are otherwise as described above.
in dogs, the lymph node(s) near the ileocolic junction are the…
a) iCCJ lns
b) right colic lns
c) middle colic lns
d) left colic lns
B
in cats it is the ICCJ ln
when performing an ultrasound on a 4 month old dog with urinary tract signs, the jejunal lns are seen and are 7mm thick, hypoechoic, with a hypoechoic rim and irregular contour. What is your interpretation?
a) reactive due to urinary tract infection
b) likely metastatic ln
c) within normal limits
d) should be sampled to assess for inflammation or metastasis
C, young puppy. likely reactive to antogenic stimulation from GIT.
short: long axis ratio of XXX is normal for superficial inguinal lns?
a) 0.4
b) 0.5
c) 0.6
d) 0.7
B
peritoneal effusion can be recognised ultrasonographically if the volume is at least…
a) 2ml/kg
b) 3ml/kg
d) 2.5ml/kg
d) 3.8ml/kg
A or less with new systems. half that needed for rads
you may see hypo to anechoic regions within a lymph node due to (which is false)
a) aging and atrophy
b) necrosis
c) fat infiltration
d) neoplasia
C- would be hyperechoic?
can get cystic with aging and atrophy
can the perfusion of a lymph node help with determining if it is normal or abnormal?
yes.
In benign nodes, the blood flow distribution is primarily hilar, whereas it tends to be more peripheral or mixed with
malignancies. RI and PI are higher in abnormal LNs. For superficial lymph nodes in dogs, RI>0.65 and PI>1.45 are reported to indicate malignancy
