female repro

Question 1

when is the ovary largest?
a) anestrus
b) proestrus
c) estrus
d) diestrus

Answer 1

C bumpy contour

Question 2

how long should normal ovarian follicles remain visible (maximum)?
a) 10d
b) 20d
c) 30d
d) 40d

Answer 2

C
Large follicles and corpora
lutea may be confused with ovarian cysts and can
only be ultrasonographically differentiated by serial
ultrasound examinations. Follicles should not persist
longer than 30 days and corpora lutea for no more
than 60 days.

Question 3

what foetal heart rate indicates mild distress in a dog?
a) 200
b) 180
c) 150
d) 120

Answer 3

B, 150 is severe, 200 is normal

Question 4

in which stages does the ovary measure smallest in dogs (2)?
a) anestrus
b) early proestrus
c) estrus
d) diestrus

Answer 4

A and B
1.2cm length, oval, uniform echogenicity

Question 5

Ovarian follicles begin to appear when?
a) anestrus
b) early proestrus
c) estrus
d) diestrus
e) proestrus

Answer 5

E

Question 6

fluid can be expected to be found around the ovary in what stage?
a) anestrus
b) early proestrus
c) estrus
d) diestrus
e) proestrus

Answer 6

C

Question 7

how are follicles and early corpora lutea different on ultrasound

Answer 7

corpora lutea have thicker walls and a more variable shape, mean of 3 per ovary

Question 8

how many days after ovulation do the corpora lutea become solid, and reduced in size, with increased echogenicity ?
a) 5-7
b) 10-14
c) 14-20
d) 20-60

Answer 8

B, then remain so throughout diestrus

Question 9

In which stages or the estrus can the uterus be described as this: cycle1-mm hyperechoic luminal echo and hypoechoic inner layer of uterine wall variably present, Focal enlargement of cervix with
“bull’s eye” appearance.
a) Late diestrus
b) early diestrus
c) proestrus
d) metestrus
e) estrus
f) anestrus

Answer 9

B, C, D, E

in late diestrus and anestrus: Uniformly hypoechoic
Neither layered wall nor luminal echo 3–8mm in diameter
Difficult to detect Vagina and cervix difficult to distinguish from the uterine body

Question 10

the first reliable sign of pregnancy is…
a) fetal heart beat
b) gestational chambers
c) visible placenta

Answer 10

B

Question 11

uterine involution after pregnancy takes how many days in dogs and cats (dog, cat)?
a) 28, 28
b) 24, 28
c) 28, 24
d) 24, 21

Answer 11

C
3-4 weeks in dogs

Question 12

what are the ultrasonographic signs of fetal death (at least 4)?

Answer 12

Signs of fetal death include absence of heartbeat
and fetal movement, abnormal fetal posture, reduced
volume and increased echogenicity of fluid in the
gestational sack, accumulation of gas within fetus or
uterus, and fetal disintegration

Question 13

are any of these not found with cystic endometrial hyperplasia?
a) thickening of the endometrium
b) cystic lesions within the wall
c) fluid accumulation within the lumen of the uterus
d) thickening of the myometrium

Answer 13

D- not mentioned