Thorax Flashcards
State the two openings to the thorax
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior thoracic aperture
What are the ribs 1-7 called?
True ribs
What are the ribs 8-12 called?
False ribs
What are the ribs 11 & 12 called?
Floating ribs
How long is the sternum:
a) 10cm
b) 12cm
c) 15cm
d) 17cm
15cm
What’s the 3 parts which make up the sternum?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process / xiphisternum
What muscles help with upper limb abduction?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
What muscles help with Scapula abduction and
rotation?
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor
What’s the name of muscles between the ribs?
Intercostal muscles
What muscles lift the thorax up and out when breathing?
External intercostal muscles
What muscles move the thorax down and in when breathing?
Internal intercostal muscles
What are the names of the sub cavities within the thoracic cavity?
Mediastinum
2 Pleural cavities
Whats the name of the sac enclosing the heart and great arteries from the heart?
Pericardium
Name the 2 layers of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Name the 2 layers to the pleura
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
True or False: The Visceral Pleura lines the outer surface of lung tissue?
True
Parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
What does the space between the two pleural layers contain?
Pleural fluid
Whats 2 functions of the pleural fluid?
- Lubrication when lungs expand & contract
- Creates surface tension between the 2 layers
What’s the name of the fluid between the heart layers?
Serous fluid
Fart Police Smell Villians
What pathology could loss or blunting of the costophrenic angles be a sign of?
Pleural effusion
What is a Pleural effusion?
Fluid in the pleural cavity
What pathology could a cloudy consolidation be a sign of?
Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia?
An infection within the lungs
What pathology could linear, vertical lines within the lungs be a sign of?
Atelectasis
What is Atelectasis?
Partial collapse of the entire lung or an area (lobe) of the lung.
What pathology could no lung markings be a sign of?
Pneumothorax
What is a Pneumothorax?
Air within pleural cavity but outside the lung
What pathology could a heart with a size more than 50% of the width of the thorax be a sign of?
Cardiomegaly
What is Cardiomegaly?
Abnormally large heart, which is usually caused due to other issues like coronary artery disease etc.
What pathology could a dark area between the lungs and the abdomen be a sign of?
Pneumoperitoneum
What is a Pneumoperitoneum?
Air within the abdominal cavity
What pathology could round, cloudy circles within the lung be a sign of?
Cancer (carcinoma) and metastasis
What pathology could a bright, dense white object within the trachea or the lung be a sign of?
Inhaled foreign body
What condition causes the heart to sit on the opposite side of the body?
Dextrocardia
What condition causes the heart and other vicera to sit on the opposite side of the body?
Situs inversus
What pathology could cause organs to be pushed over to one side be a sign of?
Tension Pneumothorax
What is a Tension Pneumothorax?
When the pressure inside a pleural cavity builds to such an extent that it will push the mediastinum to one side.
What pathology could a very dense consolidation within BOTH lungs be a sign of?
Pulmonary Oedema
What is a Pulmonary Oedema
An excess of fluid which builds up within the airspaces of the lung.
