Thorax

Question 1

State the two openings to the thorax

Answer 1

Superior thoracic aperture

Inferior thoracic aperture

Question 2

What are the ribs 1-7 called?

Answer 2

True ribs

Question 3

What are the ribs 8-12 called?

Answer 3

False ribs

Question 4

What are the ribs 11 & 12 called?

Answer 4

Floating ribs

Question 5

How long is the sternum:

a) 10cm
b) 12cm
c) 15cm
d) 17cm

Answer 5

15cm

Question 6

What’s the 3 parts which make up the sternum?

Answer 6

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process / xiphisternum

Question 7

What muscles help with upper limb abduction?

Answer 7

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Question 8

What muscles help with Scapula abduction and

rotation?

Answer 8

Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor

Question 9

What’s the name of muscles between the ribs?

Answer 9

Intercostal muscles

Question 10

What muscles lift the thorax up and out when breathing?

Answer 10

External intercostal muscles

Question 11

What muscles move the thorax down and in when breathing?

Answer 11

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 12

What are the names of the sub cavities within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 12

Mediastinum

2 Pleural cavities

Question 13

Whats the name of the sac enclosing the heart and great arteries from the heart?

Answer 13

Pericardium

Question 14

Name the 2 layers of the pericardium

Answer 14

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

Question 15

Name the 2 layers to the pleura

Answer 15

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Question 16

True or False: The Visceral Pleura lines the outer surface of lung tissue?

Answer 16

True

Parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Question 17

What does the space between the two pleural layers contain?

Answer 17

Pleural fluid

Question 18

Whats 2 functions of the pleural fluid?

Answer 18

• Lubrication when lungs expand & contract

- Creates surface tension between the 2 layers

Question 19

What’s the name of the fluid between the heart layers?

Answer 19

Serous fluid

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Question 20

What pathology could loss or blunting of the costophrenic angles be a sign of?

Answer 20

Pleural effusion

Question 21

What is a Pleural effusion?

Answer 21

Fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 22

What pathology could a cloudy consolidation be a sign of?

Answer 22

Pneumonia

Question 23

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 23

An infection within the lungs

Question 24

What pathology could linear, vertical lines within the lungs be a sign of?

Answer 24

Atelectasis

Question 25

What is Atelectasis?

Answer 25

Partial collapse of the entire lung or an area (lobe) of the lung.

Question 26

What pathology could no lung markings be a sign of?

Answer 26

Pneumothorax

Question 27

What is a Pneumothorax?

Answer 27

Air within pleural cavity but outside the lung

Question 28

What pathology could a heart with a size more than 50% of the width of the thorax be a sign of?

Answer 28

Cardiomegaly

Question 29

What is Cardiomegaly?

Answer 29

Abnormally large heart, which is usually caused due to other issues like coronary artery disease etc.

Question 30

What pathology could a dark area between the lungs and the abdomen be a sign of?

Answer 30

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 31

What is a Pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 31

Air within the abdominal cavity

Question 32

What pathology could round, cloudy circles within the lung be a sign of?

Answer 32

Cancer (carcinoma) and metastasis

Question 33

What pathology could a bright, dense white object within the trachea or the lung be a sign of?

Answer 33

Inhaled foreign body

Question 34

What condition causes the heart to sit on the opposite side of the body?

Answer 34

Dextrocardia

Question 35

What condition causes the heart and other vicera to sit on the opposite side of the body?

Answer 35

Situs inversus

Question 36

What pathology could cause organs to be pushed over to one side be a sign of?

Answer 36

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 37

What is a Tension Pneumothorax?

Answer 37

When the pressure inside a pleural cavity builds to such an extent that it will push the mediastinum to one side.

Question 38

What pathology could a very dense consolidation within BOTH lungs be a sign of?

Answer 38

Pulmonary Oedema

Question 39

What is a Pulmonary Oedema

Answer 39

An excess of fluid which builds up within the airspaces of the lung.