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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

State the two openings to the thorax

A

Superior thoracic aperture

Inferior thoracic aperture

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2
Q

What are the ribs 1-7 called?

A

True ribs

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3
Q

What are the ribs 8-12 called?

A

False ribs

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4
Q

What are the ribs 11 & 12 called?

A

Floating ribs

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5
Q

How long is the sternum:

a) 10cm
b) 12cm
c) 15cm
d) 17cm

A

15cm

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6
Q

What’s the 3 parts which make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process / xiphisternum

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7
Q

What muscles help with upper limb abduction?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

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8
Q

What muscles help with Scapula abduction and

rotation?

A

Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor

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9
Q

What’s the name of muscles between the ribs?

A

Intercostal muscles

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10
Q

What muscles lift the thorax up and out when breathing?

A

External intercostal muscles

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11
Q

What muscles move the thorax down and in when breathing?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

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12
Q

What are the names of the sub cavities within the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

2 Pleural cavities

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13
Q

Whats the name of the sac enclosing the heart and great arteries from the heart?

A

Pericardium

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14
Q

Name the 2 layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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15
Q

Name the 2 layers to the pleura

A

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

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16
Q

True or False: The Visceral Pleura lines the outer surface of lung tissue?

A

True

Parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

17
Q

What does the space between the two pleural layers contain?

A

Pleural fluid

18
Q

Whats 2 functions of the pleural fluid?

A
  • Lubrication when lungs expand & contract

- Creates surface tension between the 2 layers

19
Q

What’s the name of the fluid between the heart layers?

A

Serous fluid

Fart Police Smell Villians

20
Q

What pathology could loss or blunting of the costophrenic angles be a sign of?

A

Pleural effusion

21
Q

What is a Pleural effusion?

A

Fluid in the pleural cavity

22
Q

What pathology could a cloudy consolidation be a sign of?

A

Pneumonia

23
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

An infection within the lungs

24
Q

What pathology could linear, vertical lines within the lungs be a sign of?

A

Atelectasis

25
Q

What is Atelectasis?

A

Partial collapse of the entire lung or an area (lobe) of the lung.

26
Q

What pathology could no lung markings be a sign of?

A

Pneumothorax

27
Q

What is a Pneumothorax?

A

Air within pleural cavity but outside the lung

28
Q

What pathology could a heart with a size more than 50% of the width of the thorax be a sign of?

A

Cardiomegaly

29
Q

What is Cardiomegaly?

A

Abnormally large heart, which is usually caused due to other issues like coronary artery disease etc.

30
Q

What pathology could a dark area between the lungs and the abdomen be a sign of?

A

Pneumoperitoneum

31
Q

What is a Pneumoperitoneum?

A

Air within the abdominal cavity

32
Q

What pathology could round, cloudy circles within the lung be a sign of?

A

Cancer (carcinoma) and metastasis

33
Q

What pathology could a bright, dense white object within the trachea or the lung be a sign of?

A

Inhaled foreign body

34
Q

What condition causes the heart to sit on the opposite side of the body?

A

Dextrocardia

35
Q

What condition causes the heart and other vicera to sit on the opposite side of the body?

A

Situs inversus

36
Q

What pathology could cause organs to be pushed over to one side be a sign of?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

37
Q

What is a Tension Pneumothorax?

A

When the pressure inside a pleural cavity builds to such an extent that it will push the mediastinum to one side.

38
Q

What pathology could a very dense consolidation within BOTH lungs be a sign of?

A

Pulmonary Oedema

39
Q

What is a Pulmonary Oedema

A

An excess of fluid which builds up within the airspaces of the lung.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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