Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
How long is the Gastrointestinal Tract?
4.75m
Name the 4 Accessory organs
Tongue & teeth
Salivary glands
Hepatobiliary system (Liver, Biliary system)
Pancreas
Name the 3 Salvitory glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What does the word ‘Enteric’ relate to?
Relating to or occurring in the intestines
Name the 4 layers of the bowel?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer (Muscularis)
Serosa (Outer layer)
What layer of the bowel wall do you see on a radiograph?
Mucosa
What’s the other name for chewing?
Mastication
What’s the other name for swallowing?
Deglutition
What layer of the Oesophagus allows for peristalsis?
Muscularis
What is Peristalsis?
Involuntary waves of muscle contractions within the GI tract to move a bolus (food) through the body.
What part of the Pharynx extends from the Uvula to the epiglottis?
Oropharynx
What part of the Pharynx is above and behind the soft palate and uvula?
Nasopharynx
What part of the Pharynx extends from the Epiglottis to the Trachea?
Laryngopharynx
What’s another name for the laryngopharynx?
Hypopharynx
What’s the Pyriform?
The pyriform recesses of the Larynx are located either side of the Larynx.
Where does the Hemi-azygos vein drain?
Drains the lower half of the left thoracic wall and the left abdominal wall.
Where does the Azygos vein drain?
Draining posterior thorax and abdomen
What’s are the 3 layers of smooth muscle of the stomach?
Oblique (Inner layer)
Circular
Longtitudinal (Outer layer)
What’s the name of the prominent internal longitudinal mucosal (muscular) folds of the stomach?
Rugae
What side of the body (left or right) is the ‘Greater curvature’ of the stomach located?
Left
What is the role of the Pyloric sphincter?
Controls emptying of acid chyme into duodenum
What is the Plicae circulares?
Folds of mucous membrane found in the small intestine
How does bile & pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?
Greater duodenal papilla
How does ONLY pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?
Lesser duodenal papilla
What are the 2 major functions of chyme?
- Increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work.
- Stimulate various digestive glands to release their secretions.
What is the job of bile?
Bile helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids
What Lumen size does the duodenum have?
4-5cm
What Lumen size does the Jejunum have?
2-3cm
What Lumen size does the Ileum have?
2cm
How long is the small intestine?
6m
How long is the large intestine?
1.5m
What is the Taeniae coli?
3 separate longitudinal ribbons (taeniae meaning ribbon in Latin) of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.
What is segmentation within the small intestine?
Mixes chyme with food
What are Haustrations?
The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation)
How long is the Anal Canal?
2-3cm long
How is Lymph drained from the small intestine?
Superior Mesenteric nodes
How is Lymph drained from the large intestine?
Into the central nodes via the epicolic, para-colic & intermediate nodes
Name the 3 types of lymph nodes in the large intestine?
Epicolic
Paracolic
Intermediate nodes
What is the role of Plicae circulares?
To increase the surface area of the small intestine.
Where are Plicae circulares found?
Small intestine, mainly in the -
Duodenum
Jejunum
