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Anatomy > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the Gastrointestinal Tract?

A

4.75m

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2
Q

Name the 4 Accessory organs

A

Tongue & teeth
Salivary glands
Hepatobiliary system (Liver, Biliary system)
Pancreas

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3
Q

Name the 3 Salvitory glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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4
Q

What does the word ‘Enteric’ relate to?

A

Relating to or occurring in the intestines

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5
Q

Name the 4 layers of the bowel?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer (Muscularis)
Serosa (Outer layer)

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6
Q

What layer of the bowel wall do you see on a radiograph?

A

Mucosa

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7
Q

What’s the other name for chewing?

A

Mastication

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8
Q

What’s the other name for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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9
Q

What layer of the Oesophagus allows for peristalsis?

A

Muscularis

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10
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

Involuntary waves of muscle contractions within the GI tract to move a bolus (food) through the body.

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11
Q

What part of the Pharynx extends from the Uvula to the epiglottis?

A

Oropharynx

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12
Q

What part of the Pharynx is above and behind the soft palate and uvula?

A

Nasopharynx

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13
Q

What part of the Pharynx extends from the Epiglottis to the Trachea?

A

Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

What’s another name for the laryngopharynx?

A

Hypopharynx

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15
Q

What’s the Pyriform?

A

The pyriform recesses of the Larynx are located either side of the Larynx.

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16
Q

Where does the Hemi-azygos vein drain?

A

Drains the lower half of the left thoracic wall and the left abdominal wall.

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17
Q

Where does the Azygos vein drain?

A

Draining posterior thorax and abdomen

18
Q

What’s are the 3 layers of smooth muscle of the stomach?

A

Oblique (Inner layer)
Circular
Longtitudinal (Outer layer)

19
Q

What’s the name of the prominent internal longitudinal mucosal (muscular) folds of the stomach?

A

Rugae

20
Q

What side of the body (left or right) is the ‘Greater curvature’ of the stomach located?

A

Left

21
Q

What is the role of the Pyloric sphincter?

A

Controls emptying of acid chyme into duodenum

22
Q

What is the Plicae circulares?

A

Folds of mucous membrane found in the small intestine

23
Q

How does bile & pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?

A

Greater duodenal papilla

24
Q

How does ONLY pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?

A

Lesser duodenal papilla

25
Q

What are the 2 major functions of chyme?

A
  • Increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work.
  • Stimulate various digestive glands to release their secretions.
26
Q

What is the job of bile?

A

Bile helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids

27
Q

What Lumen size does the duodenum have?

A

4-5cm

28
Q

What Lumen size does the Jejunum have?

A

2-3cm

29
Q

What Lumen size does the Ileum have?

A

2cm

30
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

6m

31
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

1.5m

32
Q

What is the Taeniae coli?

A

3 separate longitudinal ribbons (taeniae meaning ribbon in Latin) of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.

33
Q

What is segmentation within the small intestine?

A

Mixes chyme with food

34
Q

What are Haustrations?

A

The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation)

35
Q

How long is the Anal Canal?

A

2-3cm long

36
Q

How is Lymph drained from the small intestine?

A

Superior Mesenteric nodes

37
Q

How is Lymph drained from the large intestine?

A

Into the central nodes via the epicolic, para-colic & intermediate nodes

38
Q

Name the 3 types of lymph nodes in the large intestine?

A

Epicolic
Paracolic
Intermediate nodes

39
Q

What is the role of Plicae circulares?

A

To increase the surface area of the small intestine.

40
Q

Where are Plicae circulares found?

A

Small intestine, mainly in the -

Duodenum
Jejunum

Anatomy (10 decks)

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